词汇
- disease 疾病
- mania 狂热(craze, madness)
- cure 治疗
- prescribe 配药
- infusion 输液
- obesity 肥胖
- diagnosis 诊断
- biomarker 生物标志物
- clinician 临床医生
- dementia 失智
- lumbar puncture 腰椎刺穿
- cerebral spinal 脑脊髓
- diabetes 糖尿病
- high blood pressure 高血压
- heart disease 心脏病
- plastic surgery 整形外科
- antibiotics 抗生素
- autopsy/postmortem 尸检
- anaesthetics 麻醉剂
- Cosmetic 化妆品/美容/整容
- surgeon 外科医生
- asymptomatic 无症状的
- Alzheimer’s disease (AD) 老年痴呆
- operation 手术
- tumour 瘤
- patients 患者，病人
- womb 子宫
- microcephaly 小头畸形
- syndrome 综合症
- congenital 先天的
- born with
- disabilities
- poor vision
- hearing loss
- respiration 呼吸
- diaphragm 隔膜
- physiological 生理
- physiological differences 生理差异
- sleep compared with wakefulness 睡眠和清醒对比
- rib 肋骨
- rib cage 肋骨笼子（胸腔）
- contractions 收缩
- breathing 呼吸
- metabolic 新陈代谢
- NREM 非快速眼动 the phase of sleep in which there is no Rapid Eye Movement
- REM 快速眼动(the phase of sleep in which there is Rapid Eye Movement)
- sucking 吸
- balloon 气球
- congestion 拥塞
- irritation 刺激，烦恼
- brief cessation or reduction 短暂停止或减少
- necrosis 坏死
- photoimmunotherapy 光免疫疗法
- vein 静脉
- artery 动脉
- neurogenesis 神经生长
- fetal development 胎儿发育
- Stress hormones 压力荷尔蒙
- out-patients department 门诊部
- tangible 有形的
- remedy 药物，治疗
- breeders 饲养员
- numbness in the extremities 四肢麻木
- gliomas 神经胶质瘤
- radiation therapy
- chemotherapy
- surgery
- sacs 囊
- bronchial 支气管的
- obstetrics and gynecology 产科和妇科
- uterine
- transplant 移植
- surgery 手术
- deceased 死亡的
- vitro fertilization 体外受精
- embryos 胚胎
- cesarean section 刨腹产
- abdominal surgery 腹部手术
- bladder or ureter 胆囊或输尿管
- complications 并发症
- safe and feasible
- be adversely affected
- high altitude sickness
- acclimatize 适应环境
- lightheaded 头昏
- strenuous 费力的，艰苦的；积极的，坚决的
- hydrate （身体）补充水分；（使）水合；（使）成水合物
obstetrics and gynecology 产科和妇科
There are the usual surgical dangers such as infection, bleeding or blood clots.
As the body made more pregnancy hormones, gray matter volume decreased—a change that persisted for the length of the study.
- uterine 子宫
- infertility
- ovary 卵巢
- pregnant
- pregnancy
- fallopian tubes 输卵管
- immunosuppression 免疫抑制
- fetuses 胎儿
- menstruation 经期
- safe and feasible
- testosterone 睾丸酮
- gestation
- conceive 怀孕，构想
tumour
An abnormal mass of tissue that forms when cells grow and divide more than they should or do not die when they should. Tumors may be benign (not cancer) or malignant (cancer). Benign tumors may grow large but do not spread into, or invade, nearby tissues or other parts of the body.
整容词汇
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The phrase that means ’to have an operation’ is ’to go under the knife'.
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A good surgeon should talk about the operation to the patient before it is carried out.
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The number of people having cosmetic surgery in the UK has decreased recently, according to official figures.
Cosmetic surgery(整容手术) is a medical procedure which some people believe is the answer to all their problems – it makes them look better and boosts their confidence.
could do with
need or want something (used in spoken English)
wrinkles
lines on the skin, which usually appear with age
procedures
operations
breast augmentation
operation to make breasts bigger
rhinoplasty
type of surgery to change the nose
cosmetic surgery
operation done to improve someone’s appearance
anaesthetics
drugs which stop people feeling pain
antibiotics
drugs which prevent infection
to go under the knife
have an operation
nose jobs
operation to change the nose
skin graft
piece of skin taken from one part of the body and used to repair another
trenches
long, narrow holes soldiers dig and stay in
innovator
creator of new things
ward
part of a hospital with beds for patients
disfigured
describes someone whose appearance has been damaged
rib cartilage
strong tissue found in bones if the chest
facelift
operation to tighten the skin of the face to make it look younger
Articles
Breathing During Sleep
Movements of the rib cage for breathing are reduced during sleep, making the contractions of the diaphragm more important.
To better understand breathing during sleep, it is, however, helpful to first understand how respiration works in general. During wakefulness, breathing is controlled by two interacting systems. The first is an automatic, metabolic system whose control is centered in the brain stem. It subconsciously adjusts breathing rate and depth in order to regulate the levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2), and the acid-base ratio in the blood. The second system is the voluntary, behavioral system. Its control center is based in the forebrain, and it regulates breathing for use in speech, singing, sighing, and so on. It is capable of ignoring or overriding the automatic, metabolic system and produces an irregular pattern of breathing.
Second, once sleep is fully obtained, there is an increase of carbon dioxide and a decrease of oxygen in the blood that persists during NREM.