中级
并列句
and, but, or
Newman notes(说) that Portland has about the same population as Perth and had a similar population density at the time.
I learned TOEFL reading and returned books to the library.
She invented and patented special arrangements of mirrors and *concocted（制造） chemical dyes for her draperies(衣物).
名词性从句
主语从句
Why people are prepared to tolerate a four-hour journey each day for the dubious privilege of living in the country is beyond me.
That (the equipment of modern camping becomes more sophisticated) is a brighter promise for the hopeful traveler (who has sworn to get away from it all(摆脱现代世界)).
It’s no secret that many children would be healthier and happier with adoptive parents(收养) than with the parents(that nature deals them)
宾语从句
I know that…
than(可省略),whether/if,who,which,when,where,why
suggest, demand, order that you (should) do…
People in less developed countries often imagine that they can become rich simply by emigrating to America.
Managers of this type often do not realize how disastrous this policy may be for the men’s health and the company’s reputation.
A assert that B is influenced by …, by the C in which …
A requires that …
Anthropologists wondered where … came from.
表语从句
从句在系动词be之后。引导词：that, whether/if, who, which, when, where,why
The problem is (who we can get to replace him).
The problem for universities is that (if those benefits fail materialise, students notice).
Our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education–not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge.
- pursue 追求
- for the sake of 为了
Galileo’s greatest glory was that (in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope to the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the earth.)
The problem with novelty(新奇), however, is that [it tends to] trigger the brain’s fear system.
A commonly accepted rule of civilized society is that when pulic health is threatened, privacy rights must be compromised.
conspire with sb 与某人合谋
But the truth is that faculty members, and even students, consipire with administrators (to keep the lecture system alive and well.)
The general rule of social precedence is that people of greater importance precede those of lesser importance.
But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.
- vigilance 警觉
- blunt 坦率的
- relentless 连续的
- fatiguing 令人疲倦的
The blunt truth of the matter is that (human beings are not designed for tasks which require relentless vigilance): for the sophisticated human brain these are fatiguing and boring.
Perhaps the most commonly voiced objection (to volunteer participation during the under-graduate years) is that it consumes time and energy that the students might otherwise devote to “academic” pursuits.
同位语从句
名词后面跟从句，一般两种情况：同位语或定语。
同位语：用一个名词对前面的一个名词解释，本名词被称为同位语。
能接同位语从句的名词一般有两个特点：1. 抽象；2. 有内涵， 如idea, fact, news, truth, discovery, report, thought, statement, suggestion, conclusion, possibility, opinion等。但如 building, ship 等名词后一般不能接同位语从句。
引导词：that, whether/if, who, which,what, when, where,why
如果句子的谓语较短，同位语从句经常与所修饰的名词分隔。
I saw a man over there, our teacher(同位语).
A saying goes that practice makes perfect.
同位语从句和定语从句的区别？
The news that he passed the exam was encouraging.（同位语从句）
The news that she told me was encouraging.(定语从句)
分这么细，有点儿过度了，其实主要是看that指代什么。 – yongqiang
Reports came into London Zoo (that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London).
A large number of insitutions(制度，机构) are premised（前提） on the assumption that intervention in the internal affairs of others is often desirable.
premise v. an idea or theory on which a statement or action is based
The research project is based on the premise stated earlier. 這項研究計劃是基於早先提出的假設之上的。
Others have attributed increased cheating to the fact (that today’s youth are far more pragmatic(功利/实用主义) than their more idealistic predecessors.)
There is little evidence (that traditional efforts to boost financial know-how help students make better decisions outside the classroom.)
Plato expressed the idea that (humor is simply a delighted feeling of superiority over others.)
The fact (that a woman has had an education) may simply indicate her family’s wealth or that it values its children more highly.
value v. 重视
These leaders are living proof (that prevention works) and (that we can manage the health problems) that come naturally with age.
这些领导人就是活生生的证据，表明预防是可行的，而且表明人们能够解决随年龄增长而产生的健康问题。
A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that (dreams were the disguised shadow of our unconscious desires and fears.) 梦是我们无意识的欲望和恐惧的伪装阴影。
One argument (used to support the idea) that employment will continue to be the dominant form of work, and that employment will eventually become available for all who want it, is that working time will continue to fall.
形容词性从句（定语从句）
定语（形容词）修饰名词（代词）的。
定语从句即在句中用一个具有主谓结构的完整的句子来充当定语，修饰前面的名词（短语）或代词称为先行词。
常见引导词：that, who, which, where, when, why.
定语从句分为限定性和非限定性。限定性定语从句的关系词和先行词之间不用逗号隔开，而非限定性定语从句则用逗号隔开，不能以that引导。
Most foods (that we consume on a daily basis like potatoes and rice) are loaded with carbohydrates.
Those who (contemplate the beauty of the earth) find reserves of strength (that will endure as long as life exists.)
Many parents do not display the degree of respect for their parents (that people in more traditional or family-oriented societies commonly display).
There was a time not long ago when new science Ph.D.s in the Unitied States were expected to pursue a career path in academia.
Countries (with the highest scores) tend to be clustered(集中) in the West, where gender discrimination is against the law, and equal rights are constitutionally enshrined.
enshrine v. 神圣化
Any engineer will recognize these as characteristic of typical engineering problem, (which doctors and engineers have worked together to solve), in order to bring a fresh life to people (who would otherwise be disabled.)
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句概念
The age (at which young people are allowed to drive any vehicle) should be raised to at least 21.
The mechanism (by which brain cells store memories) is not clearly understood.
Happiness (without meaning) characterizes a relatively shallow, self-absorbed or even selfish life, (in which) things go well, needs and desires are easily satisfied, and complicated relationships are avoided.
Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (into which they plug each day’s events). 多数记者使用一套标准化的创作模式报道世界，将日常事件套入其中即可。
In early 1976, Mau Pialug, a freshman, led an expedition (in which he sailed a traditional Polynesian boat across 2,500 miles of ocean from Hawaii to Tahiti.)
He had at last been allowed to send a fax (in which he informed the editor that he had been arrested while counting the 1,084 steps leading to the 15-foot wall which surrounded the president’s palace.)
Silicon Valley is a magnet (to which numerous talented engineers, scientists and entrepreneurs from overseas flock in search of fame, fast money and to participate in a technological revolution) (whose impact on mankind will surely surpass the epoch-making European Renaissance and Industrial Revolution of the bygone(过去的) age.)