Master Abstract Syntax Trees (ASTs). Learn what ASTs are, how they work, their role in compilers and tools, and practical applications in code analysis and transformation.
Master advanced decorator patterns in Python. Learn how to stack decorators, create parameterized decorators, and apply them to real-world scenarios like authentication, logging, and caching.
Master dynamic code generation in Python. Learn how to use eval(), exec(), compile(), and the ast module to create code at runtime, with practical examples and security considerations.
Master introspection and reflection in Python. Learn how to examine and modify program structure at runtime with practical examples for debugging, serialization, and dynamic behavior.
Master metaclasses in Python. Learn what metaclasses are, how they work, when to use them, and how to create custom metaclasses with practical examples.
Master type protocols and structural subtyping in Python. Learn how structural typing differs from nominal typing, when to use each approach, and how to implement flexible, maintainable code.