词串
- melodies and rhythms 旋律和节奏
- metronome 节拍器
- staff 五线谱(america)
- stave 五线谱(english)
- pitch: 音高，ABCDEFG
- octave 八度；一个人用高音和另一个人用低音唱同一首曲子，不会不和谐; Oct表示八
- hallmark 标志
- grandeur 宏伟
- mention 提到
- nationalism 民族主义
- long and lyrical 又长又抒情
- chant 咏叹
- semitone 半音（白键到黑键）
- tone：两个白键之间（中间没有黑）
- minor second: 半音高一个
- major second: 全音高一个
- scale: 12345671(TTSTTTS)
- garment 服装
- recitals 独奏会
- adore 崇拜
- modern 现代的
- denounced 斥责
- acrobatics 杂技
- complicated and excruciating mechanism 复杂而痛苦的机制
- tunics 长袍
- Piece: a song or some kind of music
- Baroque Period: a period known for its lively and complicated music.
- Romantic Period: a period known for tis music with strong emotions.
- composer: a person who writes music
- Classical Period: a period known for its lighter and less complicated music.
- audition 试镜，试演
- deep register 低音 The word “register” when referring to music means a particular range of notes. So a “deep register” is a range of notes at a low pitch. 下面是100个常用的音乐有关的专业英语词汇,后面是中文意思,用无序列表的形式展示:
- note - 音符
- rhythm - 节奏
- melody - 旋律
- chord - 和弦
- tonality - 调性
- time signature - 拍子
- mode - 调式
- pitch - 音高
- interval - 音程
- timbre - 音色
- sound - 音响
- instrument - 乐器
- ensemble - 乐队
- instrumentation - 乐队编制
- conductor - 指挥
- fingering - 指法
- percussion - 打击
- phonation - 发声
- harmony - 和声
- dynamics - 力度
- tempo - 速度
- rhythm sense - 节奏感
- string - 弦乐
- wind - 管乐
- woodwind - 木管
- brass - 铜管
- percussion - 打击乐
- keyboard - 键盘乐器
- folk instrument - 民族乐器
- tuning - 调音
- arrangement - 编曲
- composition - 作曲
- performance - 演奏
- improvisation - 即兴
- accompaniment - 伴奏
- main melody - 主旋律
- counter melody - 副旋律
- variation - 变奏
- theme - 主题
- tonal center - 调性中心
- scale - 音阶
- half step - 半音
- whole step - 全音
- soft - 柔和
- loud - 激烈
- dynamics - 强弱
- crescendo - 增强
- decrescendo - 减弱
- slow - 慢板
- moderate - 中板
- fast - 快板
- accent - 重音
- rest - 休止符
- tremolo - 颤音
- glissando - 滑音
- vibrato - 颤音
- flutter - 颤振
- slur - 连音线
- accidental - 升降号
- major - 大调
- minor - 小调
- folk music - 民族音乐
- pop music - 流行音乐
- classical music - 古典音乐
- instrumental - 器乐
- vocal - 声乐
- chorus - 合唱
- solo - 独奏
- accompaniment - 伴奏
- score - 乐谱
- beat - 节拍
- time signature - 拍号
- key signature - 调号
- register - 键位（高低音）
- range - 音域
- volume - 音量
- pitch - 音准
- timbre - 音色
- pitch - 音高
音乐家
提醒广大考生，针对考试考生对音乐家的了解基本只需停留在熟悉人名，能用耳朵辨认出所讲的是某一位音乐家即可，不必非常深入了解人物。考试的目的并非在于测试对背景知识的了解深度上。
海顿：J.Joseph Haydn(1732-1809)奥地利作曲家，其作品数量相当惊人。
莫扎特：W. A.Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart(1756-1791)奥地利作曲家，欧洲维也纳古典乐派的代表人物之一。
贝多芬：Ludwig van Beethoven(1770-1827)德国音乐家，被称为乐圣。
肖邦：Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin(1810-1849)波兰音乐家作曲家，代表作有《马祖卡舞曲》、《圆舞曲》、《葬礼进行曲》、《革命练习曲》等。
李斯特：Franz Liszt(1811.10.22–1886.7.31)匈牙利作曲家、钢琴家、指挥家和音乐活动家，浪漫主义音乐的主要代表人物之一。
瓦格纳：Richard Wagner(1813-1883)主张戏剧与音乐须组成有机的整体，交响乐式的发展是戏剧表现的主要手段。
舒伯特：Franz Seraphicus Peter Schubert ，(1797.1.31-1828.11.19) 奥地利作曲家。代表作有《圣母颂》、《菩提树》、《鳟鱼》、《小夜曲》等; 被称为“歌曲之王”。
勃拉姆斯：Johannes Brahms (1833-1897)德国古典主义最后的作曲家。
门德尔松：Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy(1809.2.3 -1847.11.4)德国作曲家、指挥家，是莫扎特之后最完美的曲式大师，他的音乐被称为“描绘性浪漫主义”。代表作有《仲夏夜之梦》。
德彪西：Achille-Claude Debussy，(1862-1918)法国作曲家，音乐评论家，在三十余年的创作生涯里，形成了一种被称为“印象主义”的音乐风格，对欧美各国的音乐产生了深远的影响。
古典音乐词汇
-
Ballade 叙事曲: 叙事曲在法文中原来是指一种文学作品或民间歌曲，通常为叙述关于爱情、民间传说或战争、史诗等故事或是抒情的作品，也包括戏剧性和幻想的片段。 从18世纪晚期开始，作曲家开始以叙事诗谱曲，叙事曲也就成为一种乐曲的名称，当时主要是声乐曲。
-
Valse; Valse is the French word for waltz; 圆舞曲: 华尔兹，意思是“滚动或旋转”，是一种舞厅和民间舞蹈，通常是三人一组，主要以封闭的姿势表演。
-
Ecossaises 苏格兰舞曲
-
Preludes 前奏曲: prelude, musical composition, usually brief, that is generally played as an introduction to another, larger musical piece.
-
Sonata 奏鸣曲: sonata, type of musical composition, usually for a solo instrument or a small instrumental ensemble, that typically consists of two to four movements, or sections, each in a related key but with a unique musical character.
-
Andante 慢板
-
Grande 辉煌
-
polonaise 波兰舞曲
-
brillante 华丽的
-
Frédéric François Chopin 弗雷德里克·弗朗索瓦·肖邦
Vocaburies
Here are some key music-related vocabularies covered in the provided search results:
Summary
- 乐器的音色，尽可能表达作曲家的感受。乐器的发展重点在于其音色的变化，独特的震动等。比如电吉他的震动，小提琴的音色等。
- 制作乐器可能使用某种特殊的材料。
- 乐器的引入，最初从一个地区（比如夏威夷）引入到了美国大陆。
- 重点关注一些关键节点，某个人的贡献是什么？某个人的研究内容是什么，有什么结论？
Musical Notes
Musical Notation - Educational Videos about Music for kids
- quater note
- half note
- whole note
- eighth note
- sixteenth note
- quater note rest
- half note rest
- whole note rest
- eighth note rest
- sixteenth note rest
Common
- music
- composer/songwriter
- orchestra 管弦乐队
- acoustical properties 声学特性
- vibrates 震动
- eardrums 耳膜
Genre 类型
音乐的种类：音乐种类繁多，平时我们接触得比较多的有流行音乐(pop music)、乡村音乐(country music)、摇滚乐(rock and roll)、民间音乐(folk music)、爵士乐(jazz)等。相对来说接触不多的音乐种类有歌剧(opera)、交响乐(symphony)、协奏曲(concerto)、奏鸣曲(sonata)、小夜曲(serenade)等。根据演奏乐器的不同可以分为管乐(wind music)和弦乐(string music)。根据演唱或演奏人数，可以分为独奏/独唱(solo)、二重唱/奏(duet)、三重唱/奏(trio)、四重唱/奏 (quartet)、五重唱/奏(quintet)等等。从时间上来分有古典音乐(classical music)和现代音乐(modern music)。
Classical Music 古典
Europe, 16th century, entertainment. Happiness, sadness, suprise.
- Wind instruments 管乐器
- String 弦乐的
- Percussion 打击乐器
Opera 歌剧
16th Century, Italy. It sings a story.
Jazz 爵士
20th Century, South of United States.
Rock and Roll 摇滚
1950s in the US.
Electric guitar, electric base, keyboard, drums.
Pop 流行(Popular)
1950s in the US.
Blues
Sentenses
- Density is determined by how trees grow.
Musical Genres
- Pop music
- Rock music
- Country music
- Folk music
- Jazz
- Hip hop/Rap
- Latin music
- Classical music
Musical Elements
- Melody: The main tune of a song
- Harmony: The combination of different musical notes
- Rhythm: The pattern of beats and sounds
- Tempo: The speed of the music (e.g. adagio, allegro)
- Dynamics: The volume levels (e.g. forte, piano)
Song Structure
- Verse: The section that tells the story
- Chorus: The repeated section
- Bridge: Connects verse to chorus
- Hook: The catchy, memorable phrase
- Intro/Outro: Beginning/Ending sections
Musical Techniques
- A cappella: Vocal music without instruments
- Improvisation: Spontaneous music without preparation
- Call and response: Back-and-forth pattern between voices/instruments
People and Groups
- Musician: Someone who performs music
- Singer: Musician using their voice
- Choir/Ensemble: A group of singers/musicians
- Orchestra: A large group of instrumentalists
Notation and Theory
- Staff: The set of lines notes are written on
- Clef: Symbol indicating which notes are represented (e.g. treble clef)
- Scale: Sequence of musical notes (e.g. major, minor)
- Chord: Multiple notes played together
- Key/Key signature: Set of notes a piece of music is based on[1][3][4]
This covers a wide range of essential music vocabulary related to genres, elements, structure, techniques, people/groups, and music theory/notation.
Citations: [1] https://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/music.php [2] https://www.vocabulary.com/lists/228290 [3] https://musicwithmissalice.com/music-vocabulary/ [4] https://yousician.com/blog/music-terminology [5] https://promova.com/english-vocabulary/music-vocabulary
Music Basics
Lesson 1: Note values, duration, and time signatures
A note represents the pitch(音高) and the duration(时长) of a musical sound. five note values:
- whole note
- hald note
- quater note
- eighth note
- sixteenth note
A pitch: sound determined by the speed of the vibration from the source of the sound.
Lesson 2: Rhythm, dotted notes, ties, and rests
Glossary of musical terms
The Western Musical Tradition
Baroque Period(1600-1750):
- operas, oratorios and passions, complicated and difficult to play, liveliness.
- There was often an emphasis on religious music.
- Both Bach and Handel are well known for their music with religious themes.
Classical Period(1750-1825):
- Famous composers: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Joseph Haydn, Ludwig van Beethoven
- shorter music
Romantic Period(1815-1910):
- often expressed strong emotions, making them passionate
- Fantasy and imagination
- more intruments were added to the orchestras
- Famous composers: Franz Schubert, Robert Schumann, Frederic Chopin
Musical instruments
Wind Instruments
- transverse flute 横笛
- Clarinet (wood wind) 单簧管
- Trumpet(smallest) 小号
- Trombone 长号
- Tuba 大号
- saxophone
String instruments
- Guitar(6 string)
- Electric guitar
- Violin(4 strings)
- Cello(4 string)
- Bow 弓
- Ukelele(4 strings)
- Harp(39 strings)
- Piano(230 strings)
Percussion instruments(打击乐器)
- Drum Set(snare drum 小鼓, base drum 底鼓, cymbals)
- Drum
- Xylophone 木琴
- Cymbals 镲片
- Maracas 沙球
- Triangle
Others
- bells and gongs 钟和锣
- voilin 🎻
- piccolo 短笛
- spinet 小钢琴
- cello/cellist
- violin/violinist
- piano/pianist
- guitar/guitarist
- saxophone/saxophonist
- durms/drummer
- fluter/flautist
- flute 长笛
- cadence 节奏韵律
- varnish 油漆
- applauded 鼓掌，称赞
- violinist 小提琴家
- appreciation 欣赏
- tone quality 音色
- attributes of the old violins 老小提琴的特点
- craftsmanship 工艺
- craftsman 工匠，手艺人
- intent 意图
- What went through your mind?
- porous 多孔
Piano: A versatile instrument with a wide range of notes, played by pressing keys that strike strings.
Guitar: A stringed instrument with a body and a neck, played by plucking or strumming the strings.
Violin: A stringed instrument played with a bow, consisting of four strings and a hollow wooden body.
Drums(鼓): Percussion instruments played by striking or hitting with sticks, hands, or mallets.
Flute(长笛): A wind instrument played by blowing across a hole in the side, producing sound through vibrations.
Saxophone: A woodwind instrument with a curved metal body and a reed mouthpiece, played by blowing air through a reed.
Trumpet(喇叭): A brass instrument with valves, played by buzzing the lips into a cup-shaped mouthpiece.
Clarinet(单簧管): A woodwind instrument with a single-reed mouthpiece, played by blowing air through the reed.
Oboe（双簧管）
Electric guitar(电吉他): Similar to a regular guitar, but with the ability to be amplified electronically.
Bass guitar(低音吉他): A stringed instrument similar to a guitar but with a longer neck and lower pitch range.
Cello(大提琴): A large stringed instrument played with a bow, held between the knees.
Drum kit(架子鼓): A collection of drums and cymbals played by a drummer using sticks and pedals.
Keyboard: A versatile instrument that replicates the sound of various instruments and can be played with both hands.
Harp(Harp): A stringed instrument with a triangular frame and strings of varying lengths played by plucking.
Accordion(手风琴): A handheld instrument with bellows and a keyboard, played by squeezing and expanding the bellows while pressing keys or buttons.
Classical Music
Some famous classical music composers
- George Frederic Handel was one of the greatest composers of the Baroque Period
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was a child genius from the Classical Period
- Franz Schubert was one of the most famous composers of the Romantic Period.
The Music of the Middle Ages
- Christian monks often sang Gregorian Chants.
- A canon and a round are two types of polyphonic music
- dreary 沉闷的，令人沮丧的
Middle Ages(500-1500), the Church had a tremendous influence on society. Many young men wanted to serve the Church, so a lot of them entered monasteries.(修道院) The men who lived in these monasteries were called monks. The monks chanted.(Gregorian Chants)
polyphonic music: many voices; different voices sing different melodies or evendifferent words at the same time.
A canon is one type of polyphonic music. In this style, one voice begins singing. After some time, another voice joins and sings the same melody but at either a higher or lower pither. Throught the melody, more voices join in as each person sings in a slightly different way.
A round is another type of polyphonic music. As the name implies, this is a song that goes around in a circle.
Sentences
Music was governed by rules, mathematical rules. and for the Greeks, the same mathematical principles that govern music also govern the universe as well as the human character, the essence of personality.
I just finished reviewing your papers on the influence of nationalism on the composers’ music.
He was a wonderful and ground-breaking(开创性) composer.
Bela Bartok was a Hungarian, whose life stretched from the late nineteenth century to the middle of twentieth century.
stretch can used on land, or time. America stretches from Canada to Mexico.
But he was not a fan of the Romantic style of music that was popular in his homeland during his youth.
So during Bartok’s youth, the music played in the concert halls of Austria-Hungary was dominated by Romantic pieces by mostly German composers.
These pieces were long and lyrical. 这些作品又长又抒情。
but she quickly developed her own unique style.
US sailors who were stationed in Hawaii—then a US territory—were very enamored with the music they heard there.
在夏威夷驻扎的美国海员们——之后变成了美国领土——对于他们在那里听到的音乐非常着迷。
Before long, Hawaiian steel guitar music was all the rage(愤怒) in the mainland US.
不就以后，夏威夷钢弦吉他音乐在美国本土风行。
Something had to be done, because the music venues(音乐演出场所) and the audience kept getting larger and larger.
必须要做点什么，因为音乐的场地和观众群越来越大