Words and Phrases
- observe 观察，看
- glory: 光荣；以…自豪；praise and thanks, especially as given to God: praise and thanks 赞美和感谢;
- onset: the beginning of something, especially something unpleasant.
- propitiate: win or regain the favour of (a god, spirit, or person) by doing something that pleases them.
portmanteau 混合词
flourish FLOURISH meaning: 1 : to grow well to be healthy; 2 : to be very successful to do very well
flourish: to thrive or be successful.
Help
Help do sb.
Corals help protect young fish as they grow.
Help sb. (to)do
He helped me move to London.
He helps him (to) learn Russian.
I am writing to thank you for helping us find the right hotel for our holiday. or I am writing to thank you for helping us to find the right hotel for our holiday.
Jack is helping me to tidy my CDs. or Jack is helping me tidy my CDs.
gist 主旨
- Gist-Content 内容主旨
- Gist-Purpose 目的主旨
Common Concepts
ethics 伦理 道德
beliefs about what is right and wrong.
moral 道德: right, just, or good.
virtue 美德
justice: administration of law. 正义，公道
wisdom 智慧
courage 勇气
temperance 节制
我认为 think/deem
I think/believe/In my opinion/reckon/ hold the opinion that
只要 as long as / so long as /provided/providing
You can use my car so long as(as long as) you drive carefully.
Provided that she studies hard, she’ll pass her exams.
Providing that she studies hard, she’ll pass her exams.
compare and contrast 对比
- compare: finding the similarities and differences
- contrast: finding the differences only
Our new flat is very big compared with/to our old one.
If you compare this one with the others, I’m sure you’ll see a difference.
good 好👌
- marvellous: extremely good
- fantastic, amazing, wonderful
- awesome 惊人的，太棒了
- great / wonderful 棒极了的，极好的
- excellent 棒极了的，极好的
- fantastic 棒极了的，极好的
- brilliant 棒极了的，极好的(Mark’s come up with a brilliant new idea.)
- fabulous 棒极了的，极好的
- superb 棒极了的，极好的
- superior 更高的，更好的
- terrific 棒极了的，极好的
- meaningful 有意义的
- educational 有教育意义的
- marvelous 惊人，优秀，不简单，不平凡，causing great wonder, extremely good or pleasing; splendid.
- glorious 值得称道的;辉煌的;荣耀的;壮丽的;光辉灿烂的;光荣的;热的;极其令人愉快的;极为宜人的
- startling 惊人的，不寻常的；极鲜亮的
好处👌
- advantage
- benefit
好人
- good person
- kind person
坏处/缺点/不好的地方
- downsides
- disadvantages
- drawbacks
- problems
坏人
- villain
- baddie
- hellion
- evil person
- scoundrel
- rascal
- evildoer
- miscreant
- wrongdoer
- reprobate
- malefactor
bad 坏/不好👎
- terrible
- wrong
- unacceptable
- poor
- inferior
- second-class
- awful
- dreadful
- nasty
- unpleasant
- substandard
- unstatisfactory
- deficient: 缺乏的
- disastrous: 惨重
- outrageous: shockingly bad
very 非常
- vitally
- fully
- terribly 非常，极度地
- extremely 极端地
- surprisingly 令人惊讶地
- pretty 非常
- greatly 很，大大地，非常
- highly 高度地，非常
- badly 非常，很，严重地
- quite 很，相当，完全
- simply 简直
- perfectly 完全地
- totally 完全地，完全
- resounding 高亢,轰动的, a resounding 4-0 victory
对…有利 有利于
- be good for 对…有好处对
- A be good for 对…有好处对 people in terms of B.
- offering them a better …
- conducive to
- Conducive means tending to cause or produce something.
- Conducive 有助的，有益的
对…有害 破坏 损害
- damage
- destruct
- impair
- pernicious
- harm: harmful;
- devastating: very harmful; damaging; devastating floods.
- break
- undermine
- wreck
- be bad for
- demolish: v. pull or knock down (a building).
- obliterate: completely destroy
- detrimental 有害的，不利的 harmful, bad
45 Synonyms & Antonyms for BE-BAD
big 大
- enormous 庞大的，巨大的
- tremendous 巨大的，惊人的
- gigantic 庞大的，不可思议的
- vast 广阔的，巨大的
- boundless 无限的，无边无际的
- a considerable achievement 相当大的成就
- giant / massive / gigantic :very big
- ginormous
- prodigious 巨大的
small 小
- little 几乎没有，否定
- tiny
- mini
- micro-
- nano-
- minute 细腻
- slight
- minor
- trivial 琐碎的
- negligible 微不足道
- dainty 纤巧
- thin 细
many 很多/大量的
- substantial
- abundant 丰富的
- copious 丰富的，富饶的
- so many
- so much
- a great number of …
- a large number of …
- a large amount of …
- teeming with: containing a large number of
- men outnumbered women in college
- sizable 相当大的
- considerable 大量,重要，相当大的，重大的; considerable amount of money
few/not many 少
- few
- short
- lean
- scarce
- lack
- lose
- less
- thin
- slim
- rare
- insufficient
- infrequent
- occasional
rise by 上升 增加
- rocket
- soar
- surge
- up
- increase
- ascend
- rise of
- growth
fall by 下降
- down
- plunge(dive into water) 暴降 打降
- decrease
- descend
- spiked(长钉): increased and decreased suddenly
- decline
- shrink 收缩
- diminish: to become smaller or less important.
- subside 平息，塌陷，平复，减少
harness 利用
control and make use of
harness the power of …
utilize the …
大约/大概 about/roughtly/approximately
- about
- approximately
- roughly
- more or less
- coarse 粗，大，粗糙，粗俗，无礼
proximate: 最接近的
even 甚至,平均，偶数
Tina loves watching televison. She has a TV set in every room of the house - even the bathroom.
in case 以防万一
He wears two watches in case one of them stops.
We will buy some more food in case Tom comes.
I’ll give you my phone number in case you need to contact me.
减少，消耗
- deplete
consent 同意
v./n. 同意
drew on 借鉴了
The Founding Fathers of the United States drew on this model to create their own form of government.
important 重要的
vital/ crucial/ important/ of great importance/ key / indispensable(不可或缺)/ considerable
A is crucial to B A对B很重要
Other factors are still significant to be considered.
Is it more important to study math or science than it is to study art or literature?
is indispensable for a person 比不可少的
a considerable amount of
imperative 至关重要的
considerable 相当大的，相当重要的；（人）显要的，值得尊敬的; 大量的
of great importance
key: very important
I think ongoing training and skill development are very important and indispensable(必不可少).
prominent: important or standing out. 突出的，重要的
staple: 主要的，根本的，订书针
paramount 最重要的, the most important
It is important / essential (for sb.) to do / that …
Tim said that these three things are important in choosing a tree for your garden:
a momentous task 一项艰巨的任务
supreme 至高无上的
foremost 最重要的
exalted 重要的，顯赫的（地位）
She rose to the exalted post of Foreign Secretary.
paramount 重要的，高级的，首要的
be central to = be important to
- significant 重要的
- essential 基本的，必要的
- crucial 重要的，决定性的
- critical 决定性的
- indispensible 绝对必要的，必不可少的
- decisive 决定性的
- dominant 支配的
- predominant 主要的
- determinant 决定性的
- be the be-all and end-all(be the most important thing)
- cardinal 最主要的，基本的
大部分 most of
- the bulk of 大部分, most of, the majority of
- the majority of
- most of
- bulk
- mainly
- predominantly
I do the bulk of my shopping online.
The bulk of the workers decided to strike.
为了，目标
In more formal English, we can use in order to or so as to to express purpose:
- The government has raised taxes in order to fund the NHS.
- People have taken to the streets so as to protest against the increase in taxes
- for the sake of 为了
We can add ’not’ to make these negative - so as not to and in order not to:
- He paid the fine in order not to go to prison.
- I’ve worked really hard all my life so as not to be poor.
aim
His aim is to trun an animal into a complete human being.
开始 start
- begin
- kick off(football)
结束 end
- finish
- wrap up
happy 高兴/开心
- happy
- overjoyed
- on cloud nine
- cheerful
- joyful
- contended
- delighted
聪明的 clever
- clever
- smart
- talented
- witty
- wise
- intelligent
- bright
可怕的
A very scary story. 一个非常可怕的故事。
- scary
- frightening
- afraid
- fearful
- dreadful
- horrible
- dreading
惊奇 Surprise
- staggering adj. very shocking and surprising
- amaze v. 惊奇
- astonish v. 震惊
漂亮 beautiful
- attractive 吸引人的，迷人的
- appealing 吸引人的，迷人的
- fascinating 吸引人的，迷人的
- eye-catching 吸引人的
- gorgeous 极好的，华丽的
surprising 惊奇 奇怪
- amazing 令人惊异的
- extraordinary 特别的，非凡的
- miraculous 不可思议的
- bizarre 古怪的 奇形怪状的
鼓励 encourage
encourage someone in something: They’ve always encouraged me in everything I’ve wanted to do.
Our parents always encouraged us to ask questions.
The council is encouraging the development of the property for both employment and recreation.
The new teaching methods encourage children to think for themselves.
We encourage the victims to talk freely about their experiences.
I encouraged my mother to try the new technologies.
提高 advance
- advance : to move forward : proceed. an advancing army. 2. : to make progress : increase. advance in age.
- improve 提高
- enhance 增强，提高，改善
- increase 增加
- development; improvement
- facelift 翻新（整容拉紧面部）
- boost 使增长，推动；<美，非正式>偷窃；宣扬，推广
- promote 促进，提倡；升职，晋升；促销，推广；
provide 提供
provide learning opportunities.
花费
花费 spend … on sth. / doing sth. …
例如
For example / for instance / such as
Renewable resources, such as water and sunlight, are abundant.
包括/包含(be cpmposed of/consists of/ made up of …)
Including 包括
There are six noble gasses in the periodic table, including helium, argon, and neon.
- consists of … 由…组成
- be composed of … 由…组成
be composed of … 由 … 组成 ABC is composed of A, B and C; Air is composed mainly of nitrogen and oxygen.
ABC consists of A, B, and C. Breakfast consisted of cereal, fruit, and orange juice.
My nuclear family consists of my mom, my dad, and my two brother.
Much of the intergalactic medium is made up of hydrogen and helium.
因果
in consequence
转折 However
However 然而
The data is consistent; however, there are some outliers.
Yet 然而
The task was simple, yet many failed to complete it correctly.
While
While the northern region is arid, the southern part is lush and green.
Whereas 然而
Dolphins are mammals, whereas fish are not.
Nevertheless 然而
The journey was challenging. Nevertheless, it was rewarding.
特别是
Notably 特別是
The country made several advancements, notably in the field of biotechnology.
Especially 特別是
The strategy worked everywhere, especially in urban areas.
In particular 尤其是
ome students need additional support–in particular, those with learning disabilities.
低估
- underrated
- underestimated
因此
Hence/Thus/Therefore
首先/其次/最后
First
Second, Besides, Furthermore, In addition, additionally, what’s more, also, more importantly
Finally, Last but not the least, Lastly, in conclusion, to sum up, in summary, Ultimately, Overall
过渡语
- 表起始的过渡语： first of all, to begin with, in my opinion, according to, so far, as far as等.
- 表时间的过渡语： first, at first, then, later, in the end, finally, afterwards, after that, since then, for the first time, at last, as soon as, the next moment, meanwhile, later on, soon, finally等.
- 表空间的过渡语： on the right / left, to the right / left of, on one side of… on the other side of…, at the foot / top / end of, in the middle / centre of, next to, far from, in front of等.
- 表因果的过渡语： for, because of, one reason is that… another reason is that…, thus, so, as a result (of)等.
- 表转折的过渡语： albeit(虽然即使), but, yet, however, after all, in fact, while, on the contrary, instead of, unlike, although, otherwise, nevertheless, in spite of, after all等.
- 表列举的过渡语： for example, such as, that is, like, as follows, in other words, and so on等.
- 表推进的过渡语： what’s more, on one hand…on the other hand…, in addition to, as well, still, also, in other words, not only…but also…, besides, furthermore, moreover等.
- 表总结的过渡语： in short, in a word, in general, in brief, in all, on the whole等
勇敢的
- brave
- boldly 大胆的
- daringly 勇敢的
使什么容易，更什么，增强
- make their life easier.
- enhance their interaction
- improve their social skills
取决于
depend on
奉献…，致力于…
devote to
- devote something to someone or something：将某物献给某人或某事
- devote oneself to something：将自己献身于某事
: to decide that (something) will be used for (a special purpose) : to use (time, money, energy, attention, etc.) for (something)
She dedicated/devoted all her life to the welfare of women and children.
她把一生都献给了妇女和儿童福利的事业。
devote 还可以用于表示“把“时间、精力、金钱等）花在……上面”，其结构是：
devote ……to（doing）sth., 相当于spend 的用法，但spend的结构是：spend …… on sh. 或 spend …… (in) doing sh. 。
例句：
He devoted much of his time and effort to the improvement of the device.
喜欢/热爱 like/love
- care for
- be fond of
- be crazy about
- be mad about
- be keen on
- be addicted to
- be hooked on
- have a passion for
- have a great enthusiasm for
I am very keen on Italian food. (I like Italian food very much)
其他
have something to do with…和…有点关系
have nothing to do with…和…毫无关系
be aware of…意识到…
on the basis of… 根据…，在…的基础上
in essence本质上
be equal to…等于…
be composed of…由…组成
satisfy/meet the needs/requirements of; meet sb’s demand for
private businesses
最近/迟
late
adj. 迟，晚
adv. 晚
lately
adv. 进来，最近
易受影响
“Infants and young children may face the greatest risks, as their developing brains and bodies are often more vulnerable to impacts from toxic exposures.” said Houlihan in an email.
重点句型
-
It’s adj. for sb to do 做…对某人来说…
-
… so / such … that … 如此… 以至于…
… too … to do… 太… 而不能… -
not…until… 直到…才…
例: I didn’t go to bed until my mother came back. -
The reason why + 句子 is that + 句子 … 的原因是…
例: The reason why he got angry was that she told him a lie. 他生气的原因是她对他说了谎。 -
That is why + 句子 那是…的原因
-
That is because + 句子 那是因为…
-
It is said that + 句子 据说…
It is reported that + 句子 据报道… -
There is no doubt that + 句子 毫无疑问…
-
It goes without saying that + 句子 不言而喻，毫无疑问
-
There is no need to do 没必要做…
-
There is no point in doing 做某事毫无意义
-
Since + S + 过去式, S + 现在完成式.
例: Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.
表原因
- caused by …
- because of …
- due to the fact that …
- in order to / so as to …
提建议
had better (not) do 最好(不)做
how about / what about doing …怎么样?
I think you should do 我认为你应该…
I suggest that you should do 我建议你做…
If I were you, I would do… 我要是你的话，我会做…
It’s best to do 最好做…
Why not do / why don’t you do…? 为什么不…
麻烦问题困难 problems
- difficulty
- trouble
- rub
- issue
- hardness
- inconvenience
overcome difficulties
solve problems
overcomes final hurdle
get over the trouble 克服麻烦
get round the trouble 避开麻烦
obstacle 障碍
- barrier
- hurdle
- bar
- block
- stumbling block
- impediment
Overcame the final hurdle 克服了最后的障碍
表示喜欢和感兴趣
like / love doing
enjoy doing
be fond of doing 喜欢做…
be keen on /doing 喜欢做…
prefer to do A rather than do B宁愿做A也不愿做B
be interested in doing = show / take great interest in / doing 对…感兴趣
interesting intriguing 吸引人的
有趣的
努力做…
try to do 努力做…
strive to do 努力做…
try one’s best to do= do one’s best to do 竭尽全力做…
make efforts to do = make every effort to do 尽力做…
do what sb can (do ) to do 尽力做…
spare no effort to do 不遗余力的做…
do what / everything sb. can to do 尽某人全力做…
打算做… / 计划做…
intend / plan to do 打算做…
be going to do 打算 / 计划做…
decide to do 决定做…
determine to do 决定做…
be determined to do 决定做…
make up one’s mind to do 下定决心做…
表示想 / 希望
want to do = would like to do 想做…
hope to do 希望做…
expect to do 期待着做…
wish to do 希望做…
consider doing 考虑做…
只加doing 作宾语的动词
finish / practice / suggest / consider / mind / enjoy doing
固定搭配
- look forward to doing 盼望做…
- keep on doing 坚持做…
- dream of doing 梦想做…
- can’t help doing 情不自禁地做…
- keep / stop / prevent sb. from doing 阻止某人做…
- be busy (in) doing = be busy with + 名词 忙于做…
- spend time / money (in) doing=spend time / money on + 名词 花费时间做…
- have fun / have a good time / enjoy oneself doing 玩得开心
- have trouble / have problem / have difficulty (in) doing=have trouble / have problem / have difficulty=with + 名词 做…有困难
Sentences
He seemed to be very worried.
She get bigger. She got bigger. 她变大了。
get 变
get angry
dead 死亡
- deadly
- killed
- gone
- passed away
- mortality 死亡，死亡数量
- death toll 死亡数量
受伤 injured
- wounded 受伤的
- harm v. 伤害
- hurt v.伤害 ajd. 受伤的
担心 worry
- bothered
- worried
- concerned
in terms of … 就…而言
在某方面，如何如何。从某一个角度看问题。
phrase. If you talk about something in terms of something or in particular terms, you are specifying which aspect of it you are discussing or from what point of view you are considering it. Our goods compete in terms of product quality, reliability and above all variety. [ + of]
What does this mean in terms of cost?
这在成本上意味着什么？
The cost in terms of human life was high.
付出了很大的生命代价。
The book is well organized in terms of plot.
这本书的故事布局十分严谨。
Linking devices of cause and effect
Meaning and use
Linking devices are used to link one idea or argument to another. A common situation is when we are talking about something that happens and its result, or a cause and its effect.
- [CAUSE] The population has increased. [EFFECT] The government is going to build more houses.
Group 1: Therefore, consequently, as a result, thus
Form
These are also called conjunctive adverbs, and they all behave in the same way. This is how we use consequently to join two ideas together. Notice the comma after consequently:
- The population has increased. Consequently, the government is going to build more houses.
Or we could join the two sentences together using a semi-colon + consequently + comma:
- The population has increased**; consequently,** the government is going to build more houses.
But you can’t just add consequently without a semi-colon or comma. This is wrong:
- The population has increased consequently the government is going to build more houses.
We can also replace consequently with any of the Group 1 words or phrases:
- The population has increased. As a result, the government is going to build more houses.
- The population has increased**; therefore,** the government is going to build more houses.
Note
Therefore and consequently are used mainly in writing or formal speech. Thus is a little old-fashioned but is sometimes used in academic writing. That’s why is very common in informal speech. In writing, we usually use it at the beginning of a sentence.
- The traffic was terrible. That’s why I’m late.
Group 2: because of, as a result of, due to, owing to
Noun phrases and participle clauses
With Group 2 linking devices, the cause part is not a whole sentence or clause, it’s a noun phrase (a phrase that behaves like a noun) or participle clause (a short phrase that begins with a verb, usually in the -ing form):
- interest rate rises (noun phrase)
- rising interest rates (participle clause)
Form
Let’s imagine a cause and effect situation: interest rate rises are the cause of price increases. This is one way we could connect them using owing to:
- The problem has increased owing to interest rate rises.
- The problem has increased owing to rising interest rates.
In Group 1, the linking device usually comes between the cause and effect parts. Cause is always first, and effect is second.
With Group 2, the the cause can come first or second, and the linking device moves with it. Notice that you need a comma after the linking device if it’s in the first part of the sentence.
- As a result of interest rate rises, the problem has increased.
- The problem has increased as a result of interest rate rises.
Take note: The fact that
We can use a group 2 phrase + the fact that + a verb phrase:
- The problem has increased owing to the fact that interest rates are rising.
Take note: as a result and as a result of
As a result is in Group 1, and as a result of is in Group 2! They look very similar but behave differently.
life
standard of living has been improved
Well, in my country the unwanted clothes have different uses.
利用
- make use of
归结为
boil down to 归结为
指的是 refers to
it refers to … 它指的是
entitle
entitle v 给予（某人）权利，给（某人）资格；给……命名，给……题名
Everyone is entitled to freedom.
每个人都有权享有自由。
necessity
In many cases, cosmetic surgery is not a necessity at all, just a choice.
创造
was coined by was invented by
to coin a term/expression/phrase to be the first person to say a word or phrase that then becomes more widely used
William Shakespeare coined many phrases that are now common in English.
相同类似/不同 similar to/ different from
She is similar to her older sister, but very different from her brother.
She is quite unlike her brother.
The have nothing in common.
whatsoever/whatever
无论如何
hate
- detest
胜利
triumph v./n. 胜利
triumphant adj. 胜利的
veil and unveil
unveil = reveal
veil n/v 面纱 罩 unveil 揭开面纱
solve a problem 解决问题
sort out a problem
sort out the situation
味道 taste
- Bitter - 苦
- Sour - 酸
- Sweet - 甜
- Acidic - 酸性的
- Salty - 咸
- Savoury - 鲜美的
- Buttery - 奶油味的
- Delectable - 美味的
- Delicious - 美味的
- Divine - 神圣的
- Luscious - 美味的
- Bittersweet - 苦中带甜的
- Bland - 清淡的
- Citrus - 柑橘味的
- Delicate - 精致的
- Flavorful - 有风味的
- Honeyed - 蜜糖味的
- Spicy - 辣
- Appetizing - 开胃的
- Crispy - 酥脆的
- Earthy - 土味的
- Fresh - 新鲜的
- Heavenly - 天堂般的
- Mouthwatering - 令人垂涎欲滴的
受害者 victim
praise 称赞
to praise
moving 动人的
A moving film.
careful/vigilant 警惕的
- cautious
- wary
- mindful
- watchful
- attentive
- aware
merciless 无情的
边缘 edge
- marginal
- fringe
- brink
- verge
- borderline
pressing 紧迫的
Many people believe that the cost of living is the most pressing problem of the day.
偷盗
thief
小偷
pickpocketing
miserable 悲惨的
- gloomy 悲观的;沮丧的;阴暗的;忧郁的;黑暗的;幽暗的;
- pathetic 可怜的 可悲的
- sad
- tragic 悲惨的
- unhappy
- wretched 可怜的;悲惨的;
price
rise/fall by 5% up/down by 5%
The price of gold in London rocketed yesterday in line with the global trend.
weigh
weigh v. 承重
weight n. 重量
This problem is really weighing on my mind.
faze/baffle 迷惑/困惑
puzzle
chronically 长期的
- long term
take place 举办发生
be looking forward to + noun
I was looking forward to seeing her. 我很期待见到她。
be keen on
liking, interested in, or wanting (to do) something very much
She’s keen on playing tennis.
upset 沮丧的
She really upset him when she told him he was looking old.
It will be an upset if Wales don’t win the match this evening.
cousin 表兄妹
狂怒 furious
hostile 敌对的
David ’takes an instant dislike’ to Uriah Heep - which means that he ‘immediately feels hostility towards something or someone’.
devoted 衷心的
devoted housekeeper. 衷心的管家
outperformed 表现优于
Girls outperformed boys in reading tests. = Girls did better than boys in reading tests.
longed to do
Bill longed to have a bit more excitement in his life, so he signed up for a course in skydiving.
prefer to do
Which mall would you prefer to go to?
I prefer to play basketball.
I prefer swimming than running.
I prefer to have a cup of coffee.
to and for
- to + do/be
- for + doing/being/noun
boom 繁荣
- thriving 兴旺
- flourished 繁荣
- prosperity 繁荣，兴旺
- flourish v. to thrive or be successful.
designated 指定的
- This is a designated smoking area.
- designated driver
officially having a particular purpose
Some of the rooms were designated as offices.
Who has she designated (as) her deputy?
In BBC, you are only permitted to smoke in designated areas.
venue 场地
thrill 激动
get through 通过; so grateful to sb
I lost my job and then my wife left me within a month! I’m so grateful to my friends for helping me to get through it.
irritation 刺激 烦恼
go on holida 去度假
I hope I will go on holiday.
deliberately 故意地
worth
Our house is worth £200,000.
be worth it
It was a long climb to the top of the hill, but it was worth it for the view from the top.
be worth something
I think this matter is worth our attention.
be worth having/doing something
There’s nothing worth reading in this newspaper.
by-products 副产品
- side effects 副作用
- bylaw 内部管理制度；华为法
tangible 可触摸的,real, touchable
somethin important, real or that you can touch
- Downloaded music isn’t tangible
- The company offered tangible benefits
魔鬼 devil
- evil 邪恶的
- daredevils: people who like to do dangerous things
expect 期待
The Sun wasn’t expecting the freezing Wind to arrive. 太阳没有预料到风会来。
so to speak
This is used when you’ve used an expression or metaphor, but you want to emphasise that what you said is not meant literally, you’re using it metaphorically. ‘That’s a great idea… they’ll be over the moon, so to speak!’ ‘…and after one good kiss, we fell head over heels in love, so to speak.’
at the end of the day
We use this when you’re about to say the most important thing after you’ve considered everything else…kind of like a summary. ‘Well at the end of the day, it’s only money and Christmas is coming…’ ‘I know dinner was expensive and you don’t have a lot of money at the moment, but you made your family happy and, at the end of the day, that is what’s important.’
confess 坦白 admin
v. 承认，坦白
She was reluctant to confess her ignorance.
She confessed to the murder.
Congestion 拥塞，拥堵（大城市）
Congestion is one of the biggest problems facing cities, and with statistics projecting that close to 70% of the world’s population will live in urban areas by 2050 it is likely to get worse.
脏
- dirty
- seedy
legitimate and illegitimate
合法的，allowed by the law.
He’s a legitimate candidate for the job.
controversial 有争议的
something people disagree about
synonyms: questionable, doubtful, debatable, arguable, disputable, moot, hot-button
- contentious: causing argument or disagreement
argue/quarrel 争吵；辩解，争辩，不同意
- They argued that … 他们争辩道
- They contended that … 他们争辩道
- contend 认为，主张，竞争
- deem 认为，相信，判决，可以替换think; they were deemed to be illegal immigrants. 他们被认为是非法移民。
- think 认为
- in my view/opinion
cited
v. 引用
The pop star cited personal reasons for deciding to cancel his world tour. Naturally, his fans are very upset.
subordinate 从属
- affiliate n./v. 使附属/从属机构;附属机构;分支机构;分公司;分会
over___ 过于
- overworked
- overtired
- Overboard
- Overcome
- Overdue
- Overjoyed
- Overwhelm
- Overcast
- Overreact
- Overpower
- Overhaul
- Overestimate
- Overkill
- Overlook
- Overthrow
- Overindulge
- Overprotective
- Overgrown
- Overachiever
- Overrule
- Overabundance
potential
have the potential to do sth.
defy 违抗
- defy v. 违抗，抗拒 to go against the commands, prohibitions, or rules of
- disobey
- ignore
- violate
- resist
- oppose
- rebel(against)
betrayal 背叛
act of not being loyal
- Marrying his ex-wife’s sister was a betrayal.
- When the footballer joined the rival team, the fans saw it as an act of betrayal.
Save and Secure
The Difference Between “Safe” and “Secure” More often than not, the words safe and secure can be used interchangeably when they are used as adjectives. However, only safe can be used as a noun and secure can be used as a verb: You can secure a safe, but you can’t safe a secure.
愤怒
- fury
irritating 恼火
- annoying n/v 烦人的
- irritating n/v 气人的
- angry 生气
- boils: gets very angry
resigned 辞职
已经辞职。
Bob has resigned.
condensed 浓缩的
keep
Encryption keeps digital messages secret.
prevent (something) from happening
keep (something) at bay
averted 移开的；转移的
stopped something bad from happening
have access to it 可以访问，可得到
have access to sth.
Be likely/unlikely to
The American is likely to win the race tomorrow.
It’s likely to rain on Tuesday.
England are unlikely to win the world cup.
He’s unlikely to pass his exams.
Sarah was unlikely to have known that her boyfriend was a criminal when she met him.
My father was unlikely to have lost his wallet in his own house.
to be aware of
That’s important to be aware of them.
tentative 试探; 试验; 尝试
not certain or definite
looms 逼近 causes worry
- loom 织布机
- loomed 若隐若现
The thought of the vaccination injection loomed over me and stopped me from sleeping.
have (got) to
Have got to and have to mean the same.
converse 交谈
talk to someone
cutting edge 领先的，前沿的
confidential 机密的
邮件中
be accused of sth
Brazilian president, Michel Temer, is accused of corruption.
ground-breaking 开创性的 新的 new
scheduled 预定的
Nasa is due to make a major announcement about its first mission to the sun, which is scheduled for next year.
If something is scheduled, it means it is planned to happen at a particular day or time. But how do we pronounce the word scheduled? Watch the video and find out.
fail 失败
meltdown
the complete failure of a system
fiasco
a complete and embarrassing failure
to mess up 搞砸
seductive 诱人的
- alluring
- enticing
decadent
stubborn 固执的
mistake
- blunder: a mistake often caused by carelessness
backlog 积压
a number of tasks that should have been done by now
You try to clear the backlog, or tackle the backlog.
After the major traffic incident, local hospitals had a huge backlog of patients to deal with. They had been made to wait while the emergency cases were dealt with.
back 支持 support
Banks back(support) rescue package.
exciting
- rousing
comeback
when something or someone becomes popular again
lobby
游说集团 (Lobbying)
campaign 活动 竞选活动
watchdog
监视人，监视人们追随法律 organisation responsible for making sure people maintain standards and follow the law
perpetuate
make continue
welfare 福利
outsourcing 外包
paying someone else to do your tasks for you
avoid 避免
- circumvent
- bypass
threatened
told someone you might do them harm
provoke 挑衅
Stop provoking your little brother.
provocations: actions or speech causing an angry reaction
thought provoking: causing people to think seriously about something.
dull
v./adj. 迟钝的;无聊的;不清晰的;
- insipid: dull taste
- vapid: dull people/life
- prosaic: dull due to lack of imagination
lack of sth.
The protesters criticized the administration’s lack of action on many issues.
advise vs. advice
advice n.
advise v.
The main difference between advice vs advise is that “advise” (with an S) is a verb , which means to recommend, or to give information to someone. On the other hand, “advice” (with a C) is a noun: an opinion or recommendation offered as a guide to action.
embellishing 装点
- making more attractive
- lack of attraction
culminated in 达到顶峰
bid 争取/投标/attempt
bid = an effort/ an attempt / a try
New bid(attempt) to go round world in hot air balloon.
hit 打击
to affect badly
Train service badly affected(hit) by storms.
combustion engine 内燃机
microchip 微芯片
chart a course 制定路线
digital realm 数字领域
perils 危险
- hazards
- dangerous
praise 赞
hastened 加快了
Invasions hastened the fall of Rome.
fountain 喷泉⛲️
row = argument
sounds prudent 听起来很谨慎
screws 螺丝
distinguish/distinguished
区分/出名的
distinctive 有特色的
elaborate 复杂的，精致的
detailed
complex
intricate 错综复杂的；难理解的，难学会的
grand 雄伟的，富丽堂皇的
instinct 天赋
prevalent 普遍的 盛行的 流行的 common
The birch tree can grow in many different types of soils and it’s prevalent in that area.
- pervasive 普遍的
- ubiquitous 无处不在的
- widespread
- general
- common
- universal
- omnipresent
- abound with
- be teeming with
status 地位身份。状态
Glasses were a status symbol in some parts of the world.
abrupt 突然的 意外的
accumulate 积累，增加，聚集
adept 熟练的
affluene 丰富 富裕
amateur 业余的
billboard 广告牌
intact 完整的 完好无损的
woes 苦难，悲伤
traumatic Highly stressful
deeply disturbing or distressing.
confused 迷惑的
- baffled: extremely confused
- perplexed
- bewildered
antiquity 古代
- ancient
infamous
famous for bad reason.
notorious 臭名昭著
inflammable 易燃的
very easy to catch fire.
prolific 多产的
producting a lot of something
farewell 再见
go well/trvel well
goodbye
used for some emotional goodbye, important goodbye, old fashion goodbye.
fake 假的 counterfeit
- verb: To fake a smile. To fake a laugh. To fake being confident.
- noun: That painting’s a fake. The diamond ring is a fake.
- adjective: Sam didn’t write a fake review. Be careful of fake concert tickets.
to go viral
to go viral: spread quickly on the internet.
contribute to and attribute to
- contribute to … 有助于，做出贡献
- attributed to … 归因于
vandalism
破坏公物
embitter
make hard to bear.
horticulture 园艺
expendability
easily replaced, not worth saving
rebuke 训斥
to express disapproval of
ovation 鼓掌
applause
偏执狂
diffusion 扩散
spread. the diffusion of fragrance.
pizzazz 活力四射
dignitary 达官贵人
engrossing 专心
movie is so engrossing
diagnostic
diagnostic tests on patien.
discourteous
rude, impolite
disengage
脱离，解开
disengage from work.
transfigure
to change in form or apperance, convert, change
Overtime, success transfigured her into a egotistical person. 随着时间的推移，成功使她变成了一个自负的人
boarder 寄宿生
meager 微薄(income)
stem from/ come from
源于
A indicating that B
plausible 合理可信的
Believable
phenomenon 现象 出现
meaningful and distinctive
being hospitalized 正在住院
词串
- enduring memories 持久的记忆
- durable 耐用的，耐久，持久
- physiological changes 生理变化
- gist of events 事件要点
- human character and behavior 人的性格和行为
- melodies and rhythms 旋律和节奏
- the vagaries of the wind 风的变幻莫测
complex 复杂的系统的
- intricate 复杂的
- comlicated 复杂的
- system
simple/easy 简单的
- easy
- direct
- straightforward
- uninvolved
- clear
- plain
pertinent 相关的
- relevant
drawback 缺点
draw 吸引
- attract 吸引
- entice 诱惑
portable 便携的 可移动的
guess 推测
- guess 猜测，猜想
- speculate 推测
- gamble 赌博，冒险
- surmise 推测
- assume 假设
- conjecture 推测
- hypothesize 假设
- postulate 假定
wonder 想知道，好奇，奇妙的
faithful 忠诚 忠实 exact 精确
-
remaining loyal and steadfast.
“throughout his career, he remained faithful to the principles of Classical art” -
true to the facts or the original.
“the film was faithful to the book”
radical 激进的
What made mordern so radical?
approach 接近
exceptionally 意外地 unusually
fume 烟
v./n. 臭气，烟，烟熏
distant 远离的，距离
impetus 推动，促进 impulse
promote/prompt/facilitate
marked 显著的
- noticeable 显而易见的，显著的；值得注意的
- pronounced 显著的；断然的；讲出来的
- obvious 明显的；显著的；平淡无奇的
modulate 调节；调整
- temper
- adjust
motto 座右铭，格言
pendant 垂饰，下垂物
radiate v. 发出热量 辐射
remnant 残余物；遗留的痕迹
rod 杆，棒
salon 沙龙；客厅；画廊；美术展览馆
spectator 观众
specimen 范例标本
sturdy 强壮的，结实的 robust durable
- steady 牢固的，稳定的
towering 高耸的
catastrophe 大灾难
compel 强迫，迫使；强使发生
- expel 开除
envelop 包住
- warp
- enclose
- encircle
flint 打火石
grind 打磨
spiral 螺旋的
unadorned 未装饰的，朴素的
vigrous 有力的
unprecedented 空前的
disposal 处置
- get ride of …
analogy/firgurative 比喻
pessimistic 悲观的，消极的，负面的
- negative
by no means 绝对不是
hazards and benefits 危险和益处
fuze 引信
relegate 降级/贬谪
relegated to the lower classes.
wrinkled 皱
oscillation
vibration, or a fluctuation between two values.
spiral 螺线
nonetheless 尽管如此
敌对和欢迎 hostile vs hospitable
- hostile 敌对的
- hospitable 好客的，欢迎的
GO TO vs GO ON
Go to somewhere: go to school, go to park
Go on something: go on a vacation, go on a pilgrimage
expenditure & expense
花费
得到 derive
obtain,得到;获得;(使)产生;取得;(使)起源
异常地/罕见/例外 exceptionally/unusually
exceptionally = unusually
enlist 征募
recruit 招聘，招收（新成员）；招募（新兵）；说服，动员；（通过招募）组成，组建；<旧> 恢复（数量、力气等）
enrol or be enrolled in the armed services.
engage (a person or their help or support).
exacerbate 使恶化，使加剧
争论 argue
- argument
- contention