include用于添加实例方法, extend用于添加类方法
module Foo
def foo
puts 'heyyyyoooo!'
end
end
class Bar
include Foo
end
Bar.new.foo # heyyyyoooo!
Bar.foo # NoMethodError: undefined method ‘foo’ for Bar:Class
class Baz
extend Foo
end
Baz.foo # heyyyyoooo!
Baz.new.foo # NoMethodError: undefined method ‘foo’ for #<Baz:0x1e708>
使用惯例
使用include
同时将实例方法和类方法包含。
module Foo
def self.included(base)
base.extend(ClassMethods)
end
module ClassMethods
def bar
puts 'class method'
end
end
def foo
puts 'instance method'
end
end
class Baz
include Foo
end
Baz.bar # class method
Baz.new.foo # instance method
Baz.foo # NoMethodError: undefined method ‘foo’ for Baz:Class
Baz.new.bar # NoMethodError: undefined method ‘bar’ for #<Baz:0x1e3d4>
参考资料
http://www.railstips.org/blog/archives/2009/05/15/include-vs-extend-in-ruby/