001
cardinal
adj. principle, of great importance
noun. a priest of very high rank in the Roman Catholic Church
noun. a number that represents amount, such as 1, 2, 3, rather than order, such as 1st, 2nd, 3rd
Figment
noun. something that seems real but is not, invention of mind, imagined
- It is impossible to dismiss all these apprehensions as groundless figments of the imagination.
Muse
v. to think about something carefully and for a long time, ponder, reflect, to consider thoughtfully
- I began to muse about/on the possibility of starting my own business.
Negligible
adj. too slight or small in amount to be of importance
- The difference between the two products is negligible.
- My knowledge of German is negligible.
Reproach
verb. to criticize someone, especially for not being successful or not doing what is expected, to blame for sth wrong
- His mother reproached him for not eating all his dinner.
004
Devouit
adj. 虔诚的；衷心的; sincere; earnestly religious
Farcical
adj. 滑稽的；闹剧的；引人发笑的; resembing a riduculous action; very silly, unlikely, or unreasonable, often in a way that is humorous; absurd
Inaugurate
verb: to put someone into an official position with a ceremony, to begin, initiate
- American presidents are always inaugurated on 20 January .
Lurch
to move in a way that is not regular or normal, especially making sudden movements backwards or forwards or from side to side 摇晃，晃动;（尤指）突然倾斜
The train lurched forward and some of the people standing fell over.
Morose
unhappy, annoyed, and unwilling to speak or smile
阴郁的;脾气不好的;孤僻的
Why are you so morose these days?
007
Debilitate
v. to make someone or something physically weak 使虚弱；削弱，使衰弱
Chemotherapy exhausted and debilitated him. 化疗使他感到非常疲惫虚弱。
Faction
a group within a larger group, especially one with slightly different ideas from the main group （大团体中的）派别，派系，小集团
- the left-wing faction of the party 党内左翼派别
Righteousness
noun.
morally correct behaviour , or a feeling that you are behaving in a morally correct way
正义;公正;正当
- She is completely convinced of her own righteousness.她完全相信自己是正义的。
- He has left the path of righteousness.他已经偏离了正义之路。
Scintillating
funny, exciting, and clever 妙趣横生的，机敏风趣的
Transcend
to go further, rise above, or be more important or better than something, especially a limit 超越，超过，超出（尤指界限）
- The best films are those which transcend national or cultural barriers.最优秀的影片是那些超越了民族或文化障碍的影片。
- The underlying message of the film is that love transcends everything else.这部电影内在的中心意旨是爱超越一切。
008
Welt
a raised, red area of skin caused by being hit or by cuts healing （皮肤上受击打后留下的）淤伤，肿块;疤痕
Accrue
to increase in number or amount over a period of time 积累；（逐渐）增加，增多
- Interest will accrue on the account at a rate of seven percent. 账户上的存款将会以7%的利率生息。
- Little benefit will accrue to the city (= it will receive little benefit) from the new transport links. 新的道路修建计划几乎不会给该城市带来什么利益。
Administer
v. to manage, to control the operation or arrangement of something
- The economy has been badly administered by the present government. 现任政府一直不擅长经济工作。
Adorn
verb
to add something decorative to a person or thing 装扮;装饰
- The bride’s hair was adorned with white flowers. 新娘的头上戴着白色的花朵。
Animosity
noun.
strong dislike, opposition, or anger
仇恨;敌意;憎恶
- Of course we’re competitive, but there’s no personal animosity between us. 我们固然是竞争对手，但我们之间并没有私怨。
- In spite of his injuries, he bears no animosity towards his attackers. 尽管受了伤，但他对袭击他的人也没有任何怨恨。
009
Assent
noun. official agreement to or approval of an idea, plan, or request 同意;赞成
She nodded her assent to the proposal. 她点头表示同意该建议。
Detriment
noun. harm or damage 危害，损害
Are you sure that I can follow this diet without detriment to my health? 你能肯定我遵循这样的饮食不会有害健康吗？
She was very involved with sports at college, to the detriment of (= harming) her studies. 她上大学时热衷于参加体育运动，甚至因此还影响了学业。
Emphatic
adj. If someone or something that they do or say is emphatic, it is strong and clear, without any possibility for doubt. 坚决的，断然的，有力的
Poland reached the final of the championship yesterday with an emphatic 5–0 victory over Italy. 波兰队昨天5比0大胜意大利队，杀入了锦标赛的决赛。
The minister has issued an emphatic rejection of the accusation. 部长发表声明断然驳斥了这一指控。
Gingerly
adverb
in a way that is careful or cautious 谨慎地；小心翼翼地；轻手轻脚地
Holding her painful back, she sat down gingerly on the bench. 她用手按着疼痛的背部，小心翼翼地坐在长椅上。
Implement
to start using a plan or system 实施，贯彻
The changes to the national health system will be implemented next year. 国民医疗保健制度的改革将于明年实施。
010
Inception
the beginning of an organization or official activity 成立，创立
Since its inception in 1968, the company has been at the forefront of computer development. 这家公司自从1968年成立以来一直处于计算机开发的最前沿。
Intrepid
adj.
extremely brave and showing no fear of dangerous situations, bold, brave
勇猛的，无畏的
a team of intrepid explorers 一队无畏的探险者
Matron
a female nurse in a school
（学校的）女舍监
Palatable
adj.
Palatable food or drink has a pleasant taste.
美味的，可口的
- a very palatable wine 美酒
- The meal was barely palatable. 这顿饭根本谈不上可口。
Palpitate
verb.
(of the heart) to beat very fast and in a way that is not regular （心脏）悸动
My heart was palpitating with fear. 我吓得心怦怦乱跳。
011
Renounce
to say formally or publicly that you no longer own, support, believe in, or have a connection with something 声明放弃;宣布放弃;弃绝
Her ex-husband renounced his claim to the family house. 她的前夫宣布放弃对家里房子的所有权要求。
Gandhi renounced the use of violence. 甘地声明放弃使用暴力。
Reticent
unwilling to speak about your thoughts or feelings, reserved and quiet 沉默寡言的;不愿交谈的
He is very reticent about his past. 他不愿谈及他的过去。
Most of the students were reticent about answering questions. 大多数学生都不愿回答问题。
Sanctity
the quality of being holy 神圣性，圣洁性
the sanctity of a cemetery/tomb 墓地的神圣性
Scant
adj.
very little and not enough
少量的；不足的；贫乏的
He pays scant attention to the needs of his children. 他很少关注自己孩子的需求。
scant regard for the truth 不顾事实
Sordid
dirty and unpleasant 肮脏的，邋遢的
There are lots of really sordid apartments in the city’s poorer areas. 该市较贫困的地区有很多极其肮脏的公寓。
012
Synonymous
having the same meaning 同义的，近义的
Discreet
careful not to cause embarrassment or attract too much attention, especially by keeping something secret 审慎的，谨慎的，小心的
The family made discreet enquiries about his background. 那家人小心翼翼地打听他的背景。
They are very good assistants, very discreet - they wouldn’t go talking to the press. 他们都是很好的助手，非常谨慎——不会向新闻界透露什么的。
Encumber
vt. 妨碍
to weigh someone or something down, or to make it difficult for someone to do something 使…负担沉重；妨碍，阻碍；拖累
Today, thankfully, women tennis players are not encumbered with/by long, heavy skirts and high-necked blouses. 幸好今天的女子网球运动员打球时不用受笨重的长裙和高领衬衫的束缚了。
Exploit
to use something in a way that helps you 利用;开发;发挥
We need to make sure that we exploit our resources as fully as possible. 我们需要确保尽可能充分利用资源。
Hodgepodge
noun.
a confused mixture of different things 大杂烩
New Age thinking seems to be a hodgepodge of old and new ideas. 新时代思想似乎就是新旧思想的大杂烩。
013
Abdicate
v.
If a king or queen abdicates, he or she makes a formal statement that he or she no longer wants to be king or queen. 逊位;退（位），让（位），正式放弃（王位）
King Edward VIII abdicated (the British throne) in 1936. 英王爱德华八世在1936年退位（放弃英国王位）。
Aggrieved
unhappy and angry because of unfair treatment 感到委屈的；愤愤不平的
He felt aggrieved at not being chosen for the team. 没有入选该球队，他感到很委屈。
One aggrieved customer complained that he still hadn’t received the book he had ordered several weeks ago. 一位顾客愤愤不平地投诉称他仍未收到几周前订购的书。
Conjecture
noun.
a guess about something based on how it seems and not on proof
推测;猜测;猜想;臆断
There’s been a lot of conjecture in the media recently about the marriage. 近期报纸上对这桩婚姻大加猜测。
Equity
公平;(公司的)股本;公正;(公司的)普通股;衡平法;资产净值
the situation in which everyone is treated fairly according to their needs and no group of people is given special treatment 公平；公正
a society based on equity and social justice 建立在公平公正和社会正义基础之上的社会
the value of a company, divided into many equal parts owned by the shareholders, or one of the equal parts into which the value of a company is divided （公司的）股本，股票值;股票
He sold his equity in the company last year. 他去年卖掉了这家公司的股票。
The rights give holders the opportunity to purchase additional equity interests in the company at a big discount. 这些权利使得股票持有者有机会以很优惠的折扣价额外购买该公司股份。
Legacy
遗产;遗留;后遗症;遗赠财物
money or property that you receive from someone after they die 遗产，遗赠
An elderly cousin had left her a small legacy. 一位堂兄留给她一小笔遗产。
014
Plebeian
belonging to a low social class 平民的；粗俗的
He used to make fun of what he called her “plebeian origins”. 他过去常拿她所谓的“平民出身”来开玩笑。
He retained a plebeian taste in food and drink. 他在吃喝上品位仍然很低俗。
Punitive(punish)
intended as a punishment 惩罚性的 punitive action 惩罚措施
The UN has imposed punitive sanctions on the invading country. 联合国对侵略国实施了惩罚性制裁。
She is suing the newspaper for $5 million punitive damages, claiming they knew the article about her was untrue. 她声称这家报纸知道有关她的那篇文章不属实，对报社进行了起诉，要求其支付500万美元的惩罚性损害赔偿。
Recapitulate
概括（recap的正式说法）
sum up, review
Tentative
(of a plan or idea) not certain or agreed, or (of a suggestion or action) said or done in a careful but uncertain way because you do not know if you are right （计划、想法、建议、行动等）试验（性）的，试探（性）的，暂时的
I have tentative plans to take a trip to Seattle in July. 我暂定7月份去西雅图旅行。
Anthology
a collection of artistic works that have a similar form or subject, often those considered to be the best （艺术作品的）选集;（常指）精选集
an anthology of modern quotations/American verse 现代名言集萃／美国诗歌选集
This Bob Dylan anthology includes some rare recordings of his best songs. 鲍勃•迪伦的这张歌曲集收录了他一些最佳歌曲的珍贵录音。
015
Corroborate
to add proof to an account, statement, idea, etc. with new information 证实，确证
Recent research seems to corroborate his theory. 最新研究似乎证实了他的理论。
Embellish
to make something more bea utiful by adding something to it 装饰，修饰;给…添枝加叶，渲染
The ceiling was embellished with flowers and leaves. 天花板上装饰着花和叶。
Potion
a liquid that is believed to have a magical effect on someone who drinks it 魔水;药剂
a love/magic potion 春药／魔水
Bludgeon
to hit someone hard and repeatedly with a heavy weapon 连续重击
The two boys had been mercilessly bludgeoned to death. 那两个男孩被残忍地重击致死。
to force someone to do something 强迫，胁迫
The managers bludgeoned us into agreeing to the changes. 经理们逼迫我们同意所做的修改。
Divulge
to make something secret known 泄露，透露（秘密）
Journalists do not divulge their sources. 记者们不会透露消息来源。
016
Melancholy
sad, depression 忧郁的，忧伤的
Trifling
little value, insignificant
Cleft
divided, split, crack
an opening or crack, especially in a rock or the ground （尤指岩石或地面的）裂口，裂缝
Eagles often nest in a cleft in the rocks. 鹰常在岩石的裂缝里筑巢。
Clemency
noun.
kindness when giving a punishment
（施加惩罚时表现出的）宽厚，仁慈
The jury passed a verdict of guilty, with an appeal to the judge for clemency. 陪审团通过了有罪的判决，同时请求法官从宽处理。
Espouse
verb. to adopt, promote, advocate
to become involved with or support an activity or opinion 投身（活动）;支持，拥护（观点）
Vegetarianism is one cause she does not espouse. 她并不赞成素食主义。
017
Exodus
the movement of a lot of people from a place （大批人的）退出，离开
There has been a mass exodus of workers from the villages to the towns. 一直有大量工人源源不断从农村涌入城市。
Genial
friendly and pleasant 友好的;愉快的;和蔼的
The teacher is very genial/has a genial manner. 这位老师非常友好／态度和蔼。
Harmony
a pleasant musical sound made by different notes being played or sung at the same time （音乐中的）和声
singing in harmony 唱和声
It is a simple melody with complex harmonies. 这是一首和声复杂的简单旋律。
Hew
to cut a large piece out of rock, stone, or another hard material in a rough way 砍，劈
The monument was hewn out of the side of a mountain. 这座纪念碑是在山的一侧凿刻出来的。
Illustrious
famous, well respected, and admired 著名的;卓越的
She comes from an illustrious political family that includes two former Cabinet ministers. 她出身政治世家，家中曾出过两位内阁大臣。
018
Imbibe
to drink, especially alcohol 喝，饮（尤指酒）
Have you been imbibing again? 你又在喝酒了吗？
Impart
to communicate information to someone, to give, to make known 传授;告知
to impart the bad news 告知坏消息
I was rather quiet as I didn’t feel I had much wisdom to impart on the subject. 我没怎么说话，因为我觉得自己在这个问题上谈不出什么高见。
Parochial
relating to a parish (= an area that has its own church or priest) 堂区的，教区的
parochial boundaries 堂区分界线
Replete
full, especially with food 充满的，装满的；（尤指）饱食的
After two helpings of dessert, Sergio was at last replete. 吃了两份甜点，塞尔吉奥终于饱了。
Wanton
(of something bad, such as damage, cruelty, waste) extreme and showing no care at all 无节制的，过分的，恣意的;不负责的
wanton destruction of human life 草菅人命
a wanton disregard for safety 对安全极不负责
wanton extravagance 过度的铺张
019
Wiles
ways of persuading someone that trick them into doing something 诡计，花招
She’ll have to use all her feminine wiles to get him to agree. 她将不得不用尽女人所有的花招来取得他的同意。
Wrought
made or done in a careful or decorative way, crafted 精炼的;精制的（精工细作的）
The new album contains some carefully wrought new songs and a number of familiar hits. 这张新专辑包含了一些精心打造的新歌和许多为人熟知的老歌。
Her poems are well-wrought and intensely personal. 她的诗经过精心锤炼，极具个性。
Bolster
to support or improve something or make it stronger, to reinforce 支撑;加固;提高;改善
More money is needed to bolster the industry. 需要更多的钱来扶持该产业。
She tried to bolster my confidence/morale (= encourage me and make me feel stronger) by telling me that I had a special talent. 她说我有特别的才能，想要增强我的信心。
They need to do something to bolster their image. 他们需要设法改善他们的形象。
Cherubic
having a round, attractive face like that of a child 天使般的;长着可爱圆脸蛋的
a blonde-haired girl with a cherubic face 一个长着天使般可爱脸蛋的金发孩子
Fastidious
giving too much attention to small details and wanting everything to be correct and perfect 一丝不苟的；过分严谨的；苛求的
He is very fastidious about how a suitcase should be packed. 他对如何打点行装要求很严格。
020
Integrate
to mix with and join society or a group of people, often changing to suit their way of life, habits, and customs （使）融入（某社会或群体）；（使）成为一体
He seems to find it difficult to integrate socially. 他似乎觉得很难与别人打成一片。
It’s very difficult to integrate yourself into a society whose culture is so different from your own. 让自己融入一个文化上完全不同的社会是非常困难的。
Children are often very good at integrating into a new culture. 孩子们常常很善于融入新的文化。
Modicum
a small amount of something good such as truth or honesty 少量，一点点
There’s not even a modicum of truth in her statement. 她的话里一点儿真话都没有。
Anyone with a modicum of common sense could have seen that the plan wouldn’t work. 稍有常识的人都会看出来这个计划不可行。
Prolific
producing a great number or amount of something 作品丰富的；多产的
He was probably the most prolific songwriter of his generation. 他可能是他这代人中最多产的歌曲作家。
Rabbits and other rodents are prolific (= have a lot of babies). 兔子和其他啮齿类动物繁殖能力都很强。
Augment
to increase the size or value of something by adding something to it 提高；增大；加强
He would have to find work to augment his income. 他可能不得不找活儿干来增加收入。
Laudable
(of actions and behaviour) deserving praise, even if there is little or no success （行为）值得赞扬的，值得称赞的
a laudable goal/ambition 值得赞扬的目标／雄心
The recycling programme is laudable, but does it save much money? 这项回收计划值得称道，不过它能节省许多资金吗?
021
Prognosis
a doctor’s judgment of the likely or expected development of a disease or of the chances of getting better 预后，预断（指医生对病情发展的预测）
The prognosis after the operation was for a full recovery. 手术后的预断结果是完全康复。
Throttle
a valve which allows more or less fuel to go into an engine and so changes the power with which the engine operates 节流阀；油门
Flagrant
(of a bad action, situation, person, etc.) shocking because of being so obvious 骇人听闻的；公然的；罪恶昭彰的
a flagrant misuse of funds/privilege 明目张胆的滥用资金／特权
a flagrant breach of trust 公然背信
a flagrant disregard for the law 公然蔑视法律
Jostle
to knock or push roughly against someone in order to move past them or get more space when you are in a crowd of people 挤;推;撞
As we came into the arena, we were jostled by fans pushing their way towards the stage. 我们进入场内时，被拥向舞台的歌迷们推来搡去。
Photographers jostled and shoved to get a better view of the royal couple. 摄影师们推推搡搡，以便更清晰地拍到这对王室夫妇。
Penchant
a liking for, an enjoyment of, or a habit of doing something, especially something that other people might not like 偏好，倾向，嗜好
a penchant for melodrama/skiing/exotic clothes 偏爱情节剧／滑雪／奇装异服
Her penchant for disappearing for days at a time worries her family. 她喜欢时不时失踪几天，这让她的家人非常担心。
022
Apathy
behaviour that shows no interest or energy and shows that someone is unwilling to take action, especially over something important 无兴趣，懈怠;（尤指对重要事情 的）漠不关心，无动于衷
widespread apathy among students 学生中普遍的懈怠情绪
voter apathy 选民的冷漠态度
Culpable
deserving to be blamed or considered responsible for something bad 应受谴责的；该受处罚的；该对错误负责的
He was held culpable (= blamed) for all that had happened. 他被认为应该为所发生的一切负责。
Elucidate
to explain something or make something clear 阐明;解释
I don’t understand. You’ll have to elucidate. 我不懂，你得解释一下。
The reasons for the change in weather conditions have been elucidated by several scientists. 已经有数位科学家对天气状况变化的原因作了解释。
Picayune
having little value or importance 没有价值的；微不足道的
The misery suffered in this war makes your own problems seem pretty picayune. 这场战争的苦难使个人的烦恼显得微不足道。
Scathing
criticizing someone or something in a severe and unkind way 严厉批评的，尖刻斥责的
scathing criticism 严厉的批评
He was very scathing about the report, saying it was inaccurate. 他严厉批评了这份报告，说內容不准确。
023
Superficial
(of a person) never thinking about things that are serious or important （人）浅薄的，肤浅的
He’s fun to be with, but he’s very superficial. 和他在一起很有趣，但是他见识很肤浅。
Drivel
nonsense or boring and unnecessary information 胡说，瞎扯，废话
You don’t believe the drivel you read on the internet, do you? 你不会相信网络上的胡言乱语，对吧？
You’re talking drivel as usual! 你又和往常一样开始胡说八道了！
Stead
in place of someone 代替（某人）
The marketing manager was ill and her deputy ran the meeting in her stead. 营销主管生病了，她的副手代替她主持会议。
Affinity
a liking or sympathy for someone or something, especially because of shared characteristics （尤指因为有相同的特征而引起的）情投意合，喜爱，吸引
She seems to have a natural affinity for/with water. 她好像天生就喜欢水。
Altercation
a loud argument or disagreement 争辩;争吵;口角
According to witnesses, the altercation between the two men started inside the restaurant. 据目击者说，两人之间的口角是在饭店内开始的。
024
Aspire
to have a strong wish or hope to do or have something 追求;渴望;有志于
Few people who aspire to fame ever achieve it. 追求显达名声的人很少能如愿以偿。
[ + to infinitive ] As a child, he aspired to be a great writer. 孩提时他渴望成为一名伟大的作家。
Assimilate
to become part of a group, country, society, etc., or to make someone or something become part of a group, country, society, etc. 加入；融入；（使）同化
The European Union should remain flexible enough to assimilate more countries quickly. 欧盟应该保持足够的灵活性，以加快步伐吸收更多的国家为其成员。
You shouldn’t expect immigrants to assimilate into an alien culture immediately. 你不应该指望移民能够马上融入一种外国文化中。
Dichotomy
a difference between two completely opposite ideas or things 一分为二，对立
There is often a dichotomy between what politicians say and what they do. 政治家的言行之间常有天壤之别。
Impetus
something that encourages a particular activity or makes that activity more energetic or effective 推动，促进，刺激
The recent publicity surrounding homelessness has given (a) fresh impetus to the cause. 最近围绕无家可归者的宣传对这一事业是个新的推动。
Latent
present but needing particular conditions to become active, obvious, or completely developed 潜在的，潜伏的，隐性的
Recent developments in the area have brought latent ethnic tension out into the open. 近来该地区的一些新情况导致民族之间潜在的紧张关系公开化了。
We’re trying to bring out the latent artistic talents that many people possess without realizing it. 我们正在努力挖掘许多人自身具有但却没有意识到的潜在艺术才能。
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Vista
a view, especially a beautiful view from a high position 美景;（尤指从高处看到的）壮观景色
After a hard climb, we were rewarded by a picture-postcard vista of rolling hills under a deep blue summer sky. 一番艰苦的攀登之后，我们得到了回报，看见了蔚蓝的夏日晴空下群山起伏的如画美景。
Wane
to become weaker in strength or influence 衰减；减弱
By the late 70s the band’s popularity was beginning to wane. 上世纪70年代末，这支乐队的人气开始下滑。
Atone
to do something that shows that you are sorry for something bad that you did 赎（罪）;弥补，补偿（过错）
The country’s leader has expressed a wish to atone for his actions in the past. 该国领导人表示愿意为其以前的行为向世人谢罪。
Caper
to run and jump about in an energetic, happy way 欢跃;雀跃
Forum
a situation or meeting in which people can talk about a problem or matter especially of public interest （尤指讨论与公共利益相关的问题的）论坛，讨论会
a forum for debate/discussion 进行辩论／讨论的论坛
026
Ostracize
to avoid someone intentionally, or to prevent someone from taking part in the activities of a group 故意避开；排挤，排斥
His colleagues ostracized him after he criticized the company in public. 他公开批评公司之后，同事们对他采取了排斥态度。
Prone
adj.
incline to 有做……倾向的，易于……的；俯卧的，趴着的；（前臂姿势）手心向下的
likely to show a particular characteristic, usually a negative one, or to be affected by something bad, such as damage or an illness : I’ve always been prone to headaches. 我总是容易头疼。
Unwieldy
An unwieldy object is difficult to move or handle because it is** heavy, large, or a strange shape**. （物体因沉重、庞大或形状奇特而）不灵便的，笨重的；难移动的
A piano is a very unwieldy item to get down a flight of stairs. 钢琴是个很难搬下楼梯的物件。
Vacillate
to be uncertain what to do, or to change often between two opinions 踌躇；犹豫；摇摆不定
Her mood vacillated between hope and despair. 她时而心怀希望，时而感到绝望。
Apogee
the most successful, popular, or powerful point, peak, highest point （成功、流行、权力等的）顶峰，顶点，最高点
At their apogee, the novels of Spillane claimed worldwide sales of over $180 million. 在斯皮拉内的小说最为风靡之时，其全球销售量超过1.8亿册。
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Ardent
showing strong feelings 热烈的；激情的；强烈的
an ardent supporter of Manchester United 曼联队的狂热支持者
an ardent feminist 坚定的女权主义者
Austere
very simple, with only the things that are absolutely necessary, especially because of severe limits on money or goods 简朴的；艰苦的；朴素的
an austere childhood during the war 战火中艰苦的童年生活
Caprice
(the quality of often having) a sudden and usually silly wish to have or do something, or a sudden and silly change of mind or behaviour 异想天开;反复无常;突发奇想
The $300 million palace was built to satisfy the caprice of one man. 用3亿美元建这座宫殿就是为了满足一个人的心血来潮。
Confound
to confuse and very much surprise someone, so that they are unable to explain or deal with a situation 使惊疑，使困惑
An elderly man from Hull has confounded doctors by recovering after he was officially declared dead. 赫尔市的一位老人在被正式宣布死亡后居然活了过来，令医生们大惑不解。
The singer confounded her critics with a remarkable follow-up album. 这位歌手随后又推出了一张不同凡响的专辑，令评论家们大感意外。
Cynical
believing that people are only interested in themselves and are not sincere 愤世嫉俗的;怀疑人之真诚的;认为人皆自私的
She has a pretty cynical view of men. 她对男人的态度太过偏激。
I’ve always been deeply cynical about politicians. 我对政客们总是嗤之以鼻。
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Effects
the result of a particular influence 效果；影响；结果
The radiation leak has had a disastrous effect on/upon the environment. 核辐射泄漏给环境带来了灾难性的影响。
I tried taking tablets for the headache but they didn’t have any effect. 我试着吃了几片药，但头疼一点都没有减轻。
I think I’m suffering from the effects of too little sleep. 我觉得我睡眠太少，健康受到了影响。
She has a lot of confidence, which she uses to good effect (= to her advantage) in interviews. 她很自信，在面试时她充分利用这一点，占尽了优势。
Effectual
effective and successful 卓有成效的，有效的；奏效的
They wish to promote a real and effectual understanding between the two countries. 他们希望真正有效地促进两国间的理解。
Naughty
When children are naughty, or their behaviour is naughty, they behave badly or do not do what they are told to do. （儿童）淘气的，调皮的，不听话的
Now that’s naughty - don’t throw food on the floor! 真淘气——你不能把食物扔在地上！
Our boss treats us all like naughty children. 我们的老板把我们当成调皮的小学生来对待。
Prelusory
作为序幕（或前奏）的，作为开头的；
Revel
to dance, drink, sing, etc. at a party or in public, especially in a noisy way （尤指吵闹地）狂欢，纵酒，作乐
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Emaciated
very thin and weak, usually because of illness or extreme hunger （通常由于疾病或极度饥饿）消瘦的，憔悴的，虚弱的
There were pictures of emaciated children on the cover of the magazine. 杂志封面上是几幅骨瘦如柴的儿童的照片。
Opulent
expensive and luxurious, wealth, rich, afluent 奢华的，豪华的，奢侈的
an opulent lifestyle 奢侈的生活方式
an opulent hotel 豪华的酒店
vagrant
a person who is poor, does not have a home or job, and moves from place to place 流浪者;无业游民;乞丐
The town has shelters and food handouts for vagrants. 这个镇为流浪者提供住处和食物。
Abase
to make yourself seem to be less important or to not deserve respect 贬低自己;卑躬屈膝
Imminent
coming or likely to happen very soon 临近的，即将发生的
imminent disaster/danger 迫在眉睫的灾难／危险
A strike is imminent. 一场罢工即将来临。
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Malign
causing or intending to cause harm or evil, to slander, to speak evil of, defame, 恶意的;邪恶的;有害的
Foreign domination had a malign influence on local politics. 外国统治对当地政治造成了有害的影响。
She describes pornography as “a malign industry”. 她将色情业描述为“邪恶的产业”。
Ordeal
a very unpleasant and painful or difficult experience 磨难；苦难；严峻考验；煎熬
The hostages’ ordeal came to an end when soldiers stormed the building. 士兵们突袭那栋大楼后，人质们的苦难终于结束了。
Upbraid
to forcefully or angrily tell someone they should not have done a particular thing and criticize them for having done it, reproach 申斥，责骂，训斥
In newspaper articles she consistently upbraided those in authority who overstepped their limits. 在报载文章里，她不断谴责那些越权行事的当权者。
Vacuous
not expressing or showing intelligent thought or purpose, senseless, lacking thought 空洞的;无知的
a vacuous remark/question/expression/smile 空洞的评论／无知的问题／茫然的表情／傻笑
Absolve
(especially in religion or law) to free someone from guilt, blame, or responsibility for something, to wipe out blame, debt; excuse （尤指宗教或法律上）为（某人）解罪;赦免（某人）的罪;宣告（某人）无罪;免除（某人）的责任
The report absolved her from/of all blame for the accident. 那份报告免除了她对那次事故的全部责任。
The priest absolved him (of all his sins). 神父赦免了他（所有的罪过）。
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Debonair
(especially of men) attractive, confident, and carefully dressed （尤指男人）有魅力的，光彩照人的，风度翩翩的
a debonair appearance/manner 光彩照人的形象／富有魅力的举止
a debonair young man 风度翩翩的年轻人
Enigma
something that is mysterious and seems impossible to understand completely 令人费解的事物，令人困惑的事物
She is something of an enigma. 她有点让人捉摸不透。
The newspapers were full of stories about the enigma of the plane’s disappearance. 报纸上充斥着有关飞机失踪之谜的报道。
Haughty
unfriendly and seeming to consider yourself better than other people 不友好的，傲慢的
She has a rather haughty manner. 她的举止非常傲慢。
Overt
done or shown publicly or in an obvious way and not secret 公开的，明显的，毫不隐瞒的
overt criticism 公开的批评
overt racism 公然的种族歧视
He shows no overt signs of his unhappiness. 他没有明显表现出不高兴。
Pious
strongly believing in religion, and living in a way that shows this belief （对宗教）虔诚的
She is a pious follower of the faith, never missing her prayers. 她是个虔诚的信徒，从来不误祷告。
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Plunder
to steal goods violently from a place, especially during a war （尤指战争期间的）掠夺，抢劫，劫掠
After the president fled the country, the palace was plundered by soldiers. 总统逃出该国后，士兵洗劫了总统府。
Tragically, the graves were plundered and the contents scattered. 不幸的是，那些墓被盗，墓里的东西被弄得七零八落的。
Settee
a long, soft seat for two or more people, with a back and usually with arms 长沙发
Affable
friendly and easy to talk to 和蔼可亲的;友善的;容易交谈的
He struck me as an affable sort of a man. 在我印象中他属于那种友善类型的人。
She was quite affable at the meeting. 会见中，她非常和蔼可亲。
Blase
bored or not excited, or wishing to seem so 不稀罕的;司空见惯的
He flies first class so often, he’s become blasé about it. 他经常坐飞机头等舱，所以已经不稀罕了。
Dauntless
showing determination and no fear 决然的；无畏的
In spite of the scale of the famine, the relief workers struggled on with dauntless optimism. 尽管饥荒非常严重，救援工作者们仍发扬大无畏的乐观主义精神，尽职尽责地努力工作。
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Defile
to spoil something or someone so that that thing or person is less beautiful or pure 玷污，亵渎，糟蹋
It’s a shame that such a beautiful area has been defiled by a rubbish dump. 这么美的地方竟然被一堆垃圾给糟蹋了，真是太可惜了。
The soldiers deliberately defiled all the holy places. 士兵们故意亵渎各处神圣的场所。
Facile
A facile remark or theory is too simple and has not been thought about enough. （言语或理论）轻率的，未经深思熟虑的
a facile explanation 信口开河的解释
We must avoid facile recriminations about who was to blame. 我们必须避免随意指责、怪罪别人。
Insolvent
(especially of a company) not having enough money to pay debts, buy goods, etc. （尤指公司）无清偿能力的
Paragon
a person or thing that is perfect or has an extremely large amount of a particular good characteristic 完人，尽善尽美的模范（或典型）
In the novel, Constanza is a paragon of virtue. 在这部小说中，康斯坦萨是一个美德的典范。
Respite
a pause or rest from something difficult or unpleasant 暂停;暂时中止;暂时缓解
We worked for hours without respite. 我们一刻不停地工作了好几个小时。
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Rotund
(especially of a person) round or rounded in shape 圓形的;（尤指人）圓胖的，矮胖的
Trite
陈词滥调
Autocratic
expressed too often to be interesting or seem sincere 陳腐的；老一套的
His lyrics about love and peace are too trite for me to take them seriously. 他寫的關於愛情與和平的歌詞太陳腐了，我可不拿它當回事。
I know it will sound trite, but I’ve loved being part of this club. 我知道這聽起來很老套，可我還是要說，加入這個俱樂部給我帶來了快樂。
Ensue
to happen after something else, especially as a result of it （尤指作为结果而）接着发生，继而发生，因而产生
The police officer said that he had placed the man under arrest and that a scuffle had ensued. 那名警察说他逮捕了那个男子后随即发生了扭打。
Extricate
to remove something or set something free with difficulty 使摆脱，使脱离;解救
It took hours to extricate the car from the sand. 用了几个小时才把陷入沙地中的车拉了出来。
I tried to extricate myself from the situation. 我试图从这种局面中摆脱出来。
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Henchman
a trustable helpful, follower
someone who does unpleasant or illegal things for a powerful person 党羽，爪牙，帮凶
Like other dictators, he tried to distance himself from the dirty deeds carried out by his henchmen. 像其他独裁者一样，他尽量不介入爪牙们的肮脏活动。
Aversion
(a person or thing that causes) a feeling of strong dislike or of not wishing to do something 厌恶，反感;讨厌的人（或事物）
I felt an instant aversion to his parents. 我立刻对他的父母产生了反感。
She has a deep aversion to getting up in the morning. 早上她很不愿意起床。
Greed is my pet aversion (= the thing I dislike most of all). 我最痛恨贪得无厌。
Banal
boring, ordinary, and not original, commonplace, trivil 平庸的，陈腐的
He just sat there making banal remarks all evening. 他整晚只是坐在那儿说些老套的话。
banal pop songs 平淡无奇的流行歌曲
Censure
strong criticism or disapproval 指责，斥责，谴责
His dishonest behaviour came under severe censure. 他的不诚实行为受到了严厉指责。
Exonerate
to show or state that someone or something is not guilty of something 证明…无罪;宣布…无罪;使免受责备
The report exonerated the crew from all responsibility for the collision. 报告证明机组人员对飞机相撞事件不负任何责任。
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Hovel
a small home that is dirty and in bad condition, a miserable little dwelling 破败的小屋;肮脏简陋的住所
Imperturbable
always staying calm and controlled, even in difficult situations that would cause other people to worry 沉着的，冷静的
Incumbent
officially having the named position, required 现任的;在职的
The incumbent president faces problems which began many years before he took office. 现任总统面临着他上任前很多年就已开始出现的种种问题。
Inordinate
much more than usual or expected 过度的
Margot has always spent an inordinate amount of time on her appearance. 玛戈总是花很多时间打扮自己。
Intractable
very difficult or impossible to control, manage, or solve, unmanagable
难驾驭的；难对付的；难解决的
We are facing an intractable problem. 我们面临着一个棘手的问题。
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Manifest
to show something clearly, through signs or actions 显示；表现；表明
The workers chose to manifest their dissatisfaction in a series of strikes. 工人们决定通过一系列罢工来表明他们的不满。
The illness first manifested itself in/as severe stomach pains. 这种疾病最初表现为严重的胃痛。
Lack of confidence in the company manifested itself in a fall in the share price. 人们对公司缺乏信心表现为股价下跌。
Sumptuous
impressive in a way that seems expensive, lavish, luxurious 奢侈的，豪华的，奢华的
The celebrity guests turned up dressed in sumptuous evening gowns. 名流们身着奢华的晚礼服盛装出席。
Vertigo
a feeling of spinning around and being unable to balance, often caused by looking down from a height （从高处俯视感到的）眩晕
She can’t stand heights and has always suffered from vertigo. 她恐高，总是会感到眩晕。
Audacious
showing a willingness to take risks or offend people 大胆的;敢于冒险的;鲁莽的;放肆的
He described the plan as ambitious and audacious. 他认为这是一项宏伟而大胆的计划。
an audacious remark/suggestion 大胆的评论／建议
Chicanery
clever, dishonest talk or behaviour that is used to deceive people 诡辩;诡计;欺诈
The investigation revealed political chicanery and corruption at the highest levels. 调查揭露出了最高层的政治欺诈和腐败。
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Conducive
helpful, favorable
providing the right conditions for something good to happen or exist 有利的，有助的，有益的
Such a noisy environment was not conducive to a good night’s sleep. 在这样嘈杂的环境下晚上难以睡个好觉。
A quiet room is a more conducive atmosphere for studying. 置身一个安静的房间更有利于学习。
Disconcert
to make someone feel suddenly uncertain and worried （使）焦虑，（使）不安
The whole experience had disconcerted him. 整个这次经历让他感到焦虑不安。
Furtive
(of people) behaving secretly and often dishonestly, or (of actions) done secretly and often dishonestly （人）偷偷摸摸的；鬼鬼祟祟的；（行动）秘密的
I saw him cast a furtive glance at the woman at the table to his right. 我看到他偷偷地扫了一眼坐在他右手桌子旁的女人。
He made one or two furtive phone calls. 他鬼鬼祟祟地打了一两个电话。
There was something furtive about his behaviour and I immediately felt suspicious. 他鬼鬼祟祟的，我马上觉得有些可疑。
Infuse
to fill someone or something with an emotion or quality 使（某人）充满（某种感情）；将（某特性）注入（某物）
The pulling down of the Berlin Wall infused the world with optimism. 柏林墙的倒塌使全世界欢欣鼓舞。
The arrival of a group of friends on Saturday infused new life into the weekend. 星期六一群朋友的到来给周末生活注入了新的活力。
Plethora
a very large amount of something, especially a larger amount than you need, want, or can deal with 过多，过剩
There’s a plethora of books about the royal family. 有关皇室的书非常多。
The plethora of regulations is both contradictory and confusing. 过多的规章制度既相互矛盾又令人迷惑。
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Predisposed
to be more likely than other people to have a medical condition or to behave in a particular way 易感染…;更倾向于，更有可能
Researchers have discovered that the children of these patients are genetically predisposed to cancer. 研究者发现这些病人的子女容易通过遗传患上癌症。
The president is predisposed towards negotiation and favours a peaceful way of resolving the crisis. 总统更倾向于谈判，支持以和平的方式解决危机。
Reprove
to tell someone that you disapprove of their bad or silly behaviour 责备;斥责;指责
The teacher gently reproved the boys for not paying attention. 男孩子们不注意听讲，老师委婉地责备了他们。
Subterfuge
a trick or a dishonest way of achieving something 花招，伎俩;诡计
It was clear that they must have obtained the information by subterfuge. 很明显他们一定是靠耍花招弄到了那些资料。
Acquiesce
to accept or agree to something, often unwillingly 默认；默许；默然同意
Reluctantly, he acquiesced to/in the plans. 虽然很不情愿，他还是默许了这个计划。
Acrimonious
full of anger, arguments, and bad feeling 激烈的；尖刻的；充满火药味的
an acrimonious dispute 激烈的争论
Their marriage ended eight years ago in an acrimonious divorce. 8年前，他们的婚姻以沸沸扬扬的离婚收场。
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Copious
in large amounts, or more than enough 大量的，丰富的；过量的
They drank copious amounts of wine. 他们喝了好多酒。
He took copious notes during the lecture. 他上课时作了大量笔记。
Diabolical
extremely bad or shocking 糟糕透顶的，差得惊人的
Conditions in the prison were diabolical. 该监狱里的条件差得惊人。
His driving is diabolical! 他的开车技术差得要命！
Harbinger
a person or thing that shows that something is going to happen soon, especially something bad （尤指坏事的）先兆，预兆
a harbinger of doom 毁灭的先兆
Inclement
Inclement weather is unpleasant, especially with cold wind and rain. （天气）恶劣的（尤指寒冷、有暴风雨或暴风雪）
Portent
a sign that something bad is likely to happen in the future, an omen or a sign 凶兆，征兆，迹象
For the economy, the portents are extremely gloomy. 对经济而言，预兆极为悲观。
Is it true that cows lying down in a field are a portent of rain? 牛躺在田里是下雨的征兆吗？
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Swagger
to walk or behave in a way that shows that you are very confident and think that you are important 大摇大摆地走;昂首阔步地走
They swaggered into the room. 他们大摇大摆地走进了房间。
A group of young men swaggered around outside the bar. 一群年轻人在酒吧外面大摇大摆地走来走去。
His swaggering self-confidence irritates many people. 他趾高气扬的自负神态激怒了很多人。
Vigil
an act of staying awake, especially at night, in order to be with a person who is very ill or dying, or to make a protest, or to pray （陪伴病人、祈祷、表达不同政见等的）不眠时间;（尤指）值夜，守夜
His parents kept vigil beside his bed for weeks before he died. 他去世之前，父母在他床边守夜守了好几个星期。
Supporters of the peace movement held an all-night candlelit vigil outside the cathedral. 和平运动的支持者们在大教堂外举行了一次持续一整夜的烛光守夜祈祷活动。
Adversity
a difficult or unlucky situation or event 逆境；不幸；厄运
She was always cheerful in adversity. 身处逆境时，她也从不垂头丧气。
The road to happiness is paved with adversities. 通往幸福的道路上布满了坎坷。
Cogitate
to spend time thinking very carefully about a subject 仔细考虑;深思熟虑;沉思
Corpulent
fat 肥胖的，臃肿的
a corpulent gentleman 肥胖的绅士
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Counterpart
equivalent, thing that has the same function
a person or thing that has the same purpose as another one in a different place or organization （与不同地方或组织的人或物）作用相同者，相对应者
The prime minister is to meet his European counterparts to discuss the war against drugs. 首相将会见欧洲各国首脑就打击毒品犯罪进行商讨。
Derisive
showing derision 嘲笑的，讥笑的，嘲讽的
derisive laughter 嘲讽的笑声
a derisive comment/remark 嘲讽的评价／话语
Disconsolate
extremely sad and disappointed 沮丧的，郁郁寡欢的
The players were disconsolate after losing what should have been an easy game. 输掉了一场本应该轻松取胜的比赛后，全体队员都感到十分沮丧。
Exacerbate
to make something that is already bad even worse, to make worse, to aggrevate 使恶化；使加重；使加剧
This attack will exacerbate the already tense relations between the two communities. 这次袭击将使两个团体间已经紧张的关系更加恶化。
Felicity
happiness, luck, or a condition that produces positive results 幸福;幸运;令人幸福的事
the dubious felicity of marriage 婚姻的忧喜未卜
the fact that words or remarks are suitable and express what was intended （文字或语言的）贴切，恰当，得体
As a songwriter, he combined great linguistic felicity with an ear for a tune. 作为一名歌曲作者，他既深谙乐曲的曲调又有着不俗的文采。
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Indigenous
used to refer to plants and animals that grow or live naturally in a place, and have not been brought there from somewhere else 当地的;本土的，土生土长的
Are there any species of frog indigenous to the area? 这一地区是否有本地品种的青蛙？ The snakes are a serious threat to indigenous wildlife owing to their big appetites.
Intrinsic
being an extremely important and basic characteristic of a person or thing 固有的，本质的，根本的
works of little intrinsic value/interest 本身无甚价值／趣味的作品
Maths is an intrinsic part of the school curriculum. 数学是中小学校的基础课。
Oblivious
not conscious of something, especially what is happening around you, not mindful, unware （尤指对周围发生的事情）毫不在意的，毫无知觉的，未察觉的
Absorbed in her work, she was totally oblivious of her surroundings. 她专心于工作，对周围的一切毫无知觉。
The mayor seems oblivious to the likely effects of the new legislation. 市长似乎根本没有意识到新法规可能带来的后果。
Presence
the fact that someone or something is in a place 出席，在场;（事物的）存在，出现
She was overawed by the presence of so many people. 这么多人在场，把她吓坏了。
The presence of pollen in the atmosphere causes hay fever in some people. 大气中花粉的存在会使一些人患上枯草热。
He’s usually quite polite in my presence. 在我面前他通常很有礼貌。
The document was signed in the presence of two witnesses. 这项文件签署时有两个证人在场。
Squalor
the condition of being extremely dirty and unpleasant, often because of lack of money （通常因为缺钱而导致的）极度肮脏
These people are forced to live in squalor. 这些人被迫生活在极度肮脏的环境里。
It was a dirty, damp, smelly flat - the usual student squalor. 那是一间脏乱、潮湿、臭烘烘的公寓——常见于学生的那种肮脏。
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Affray
a fight in a public place （在公共场合）斗殴，闹事
Wallace was charged with causing an affray at a Southampton nightclub. 华莱士被指控在南安普顿一家夜总会寻衅滋事。
Affronted
a remark or action intended to insult or offend someone 侮辱;冒犯
He regarded the comments as an affront to his dignity. 他认为这些话侵犯了他的尊严。
Antipathy
a feeling of strong dislike, opposition, or anger 憎恶，厌恶;反感
Despite the deep antipathies between them, the two sides have managed to negotiate an agreement. 尽管双方芥蒂很深，但还是设法通过谈判达成了一项协议。
Declarations of racial antipathy against ethnic minorities will not be tolerated. 公开声明对于少数民族的仇视是不可容忍的。
He is a private man with a deep antipathyto/towards the press. 他是个喜欢独处的人，对媒体非常反感。
Aspect
one part of a situation, problem, subject, etc. 方面；层面
Which aspects of the job do you most enjoy? 你最喜欢这个工作的哪些方面？
His illness affects almost every aspect of his life. 他的疾病几乎影响到他生活的每个方面。
That’s the most worrying aspect of the situation. 这是局势最令人担心的一面。
Lighting is a vitally important aspect of filmmaking. 灯光是电影制作中一个至关重要的方面。
Have you thought about the problem from every aspect? 你是不是已经全面地考虑过这个问题？
Circumspect
careful not to take risks 小心的；谨慎的；审慎的
Officials were circumspect about saying what the talks had achieved. 官员们对谈判所取得的成果持谨慎态度。
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Contrition
sadness
a very sorry or guilty feeling about something bad you have done, or the act of showing that you feel like this 悔罪;悔恨
He feels no contrition for what he did. 他对自己的所作所为毫无悔意。
Those involved in the crime have failed to express contrition. 参与犯罪的人没有表示悔罪。
Impudent
rude and not showing respect, especially towards someone who is older or in a more important position （尤指对年长者或上级）放肆的，无礼的
an impudent remark/child 放肆的言论／小孩
Indolent
showing no real interest or effort 懒散的;懒惰的
an indolent wave of the hand 懒懒的挥手
an indolent reply 懒洋洋的答复
Interloper
someone who becomes involved in an activity or a social group without being asked, or enters a place without permission 闯入者
Security did not prevent an interloper from getting onto the stage at the opening ceremony. 开幕式上保安没有阻止一名闯入者登上舞台。
Milieu
the people, physical, and social conditions and events that provide the environment in which someone acts or lives 社会背景;周围环境;出身背景; (not refering to physical situation)
It is a study of the social and cultural milieu in which Michelangelo lived and worked. 这是对米开朗基罗生活和工作所处的社会与文化背景的研究。
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Nebulous
(especially of ideas) not clear and having no form （尤指想法）模糊不清的，含糊的
She has a few nebulous ideas about what she might want to do in the future, but nothing definite. 她对自己将来要做什么有些模糊的想法，但都不确定。
Odious
extremely unpleasant and causing or deserving hate 讨厌的；可恶的，可憎的
an odious crime 可憎的罪行
an odious little man 可恶透顶的小个子男人
Repast
a meal 餐;饮食;饭菜
Yet that simple repast was fit for a king. 但是那顿便饭足可作为国王的御膳了。
Roister
to enjoy yourself in a noisy and energetic way 喧闹作乐
In his youth Lord Dorset had roistered with Lord Rochester at the court of Charles II. 年轻时，多塞特勋爵曾与罗切斯特勋爵一起在查理二世的宫廷里喧闹作乐。
Crowds of people roistered along, chattering and sometimes cheering. 成群结队的人们沿着街道喧闹作乐，聊着天，有时还发出欢呼声。
Ascribe
to believe or say that something is caused by something else 把…归因于;认为…是由于
To what do you ascribe your phenomenal success? 你认为你取得如此巨大成功的原因是什么？
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Auspicious
suggesting a positive and successful future 吉利的，吉祥的
They won their first match of the season 5–1 which was an auspicious start/beginning. 他们在赛季的头场比赛就获得5比1的大胜，迎来一个开门红。
Our first meeting was not auspicious - we had a huge argument. 我们初次会见就不顺利——我们之间发生了激烈的争执。
Glower
to look very angry, annoyed, or threatening 怒视;虎视眈眈;咄咄逼人地盯着
There’s no point glowering at me like that - you know the rules. 你用这种威胁的目光看我毫无意义——你是知道规则的。
figurative Large, black rain clouds glowered (= looked likely to produce rain) in the sky. 大团大团的乌云密布空中。
Guile
clever but sometimes dishonest behaviour that you use to deceive someone 狡诈，奸诈，欺骗
The president will need to use all her political guile to stay in power. 这位总统要想继续掌权就要施展她全部政治手段和伎俩。
He is a simple man, totally lacking in guile. 他很单纯，完全不会耍什么诡计。
Mastic
乳香；乳香脂；胶泥，胶黏剂；乳香树；防水密封材料
Solicit
to ask someone for money, information, or help 请求，索求，乞求
to solicit donations for a charity 呼吁人们向慈善机构捐款
It is illegal for public officials to solicit gifts or money in exchange for favours. 公务员利用职务之便索要他人钱物是非法的。
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Vigilant
always being careful to notice things, especially possible danger 警觉的；警戒的；警惕的
Following the bomb scare at the airport, the staff have been warned to be extra vigilant. 机场的炸弹恐吓事件之后，全体员工都被告诫要格外警惕。
Voracious
very eager for something, especially a lot of food 饥渴的;渴求的;（尤指）贪吃的
He has a voracious appetite (= he eats a lot). 他的食量惊人。
He’s a voracious reader of historical novels (= he reads a lot of them eagerly and quickly). 他如饥似渴地阅读历史小说。
Archaic
of or belonging to an ancient period in history 古老的，古代的;原始的
an archaic system of government 古老的政体
an archaic law/rule/language 古代法律／法规／语言
Atoll
a ring-shaped island formed of coral (= rock-like natural substance) that surrounds a lagoon (= area of sea water) 环状珊瑚岛，环礁
the Bikini Atoll 比基尼岛环礁
Impetuous
likely to do something suddenly, without considering the results of your actions 冲动的，鲁莽的
He’s so impetuous - why can’t he think things over before he rushes into them? 他太冲动了——为什么他急着做事前不能仔细考虑一下呢？
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Obdurate
extremely determined to act in a particular way and not to change despite what anyone else says 顽固的；执拗的
The president remains obdurate on immigration. 总统在移民问题上依然固执己见。
Parity
equality, especially of pay or position （尤指薪水或职位的）同等，平等
Firefighters are demanding pay parity with police. 消防队员要求收入与警察享有同等的工资待遇。
Paucity
the fact that there is too little of something, shortage 缺乏
There is a paucity of information on the ingredients of many cosmetics. 许多化妆品没有提供充足的产品成分信息。
Transgress
to break a law or moral rule, to violate a law 违背，违反（法律或道德准则）
Those are the rules, and anyone who transgresses will be severely punished. 那些是规章制度，任何人违反都要受到严惩。
Travail
an unpleasant experience or situation, especially one that involves a lot of hard work or effort 艰苦处境；艰辛，煎熬
the recent travails of the airline industry 航空运输业最近的艰辛
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Wan
(of a person’s face) more pale than usual and tired-looking, pale （面部）苍白的，显得疲惫的
Commiserate
to express sympathy to someone about some bad luck 表示同情（或惋惜）
I began by commiserating with her over the defeat. 我首先对她的失败表示惋惜。
Contravene
to do something that a law or rule does not allow, or to break a law or rule 违反，违犯（法律或规则）
The company knew its actions contravened international law. 这家公司知道他们的行为违反了国际法。
Derogate
to talk about or treat someone or something in a way that shows you do not respect him, her, or it 贬低;诽谤;损害
Discern
to see, recognize, or understand something that is not clear 看出;辨别出;明白
I could just discern a figure in the darkness. 在黑暗中我只能看出一个人影。
It is difficult to discern any pattern in these figures. 在这些数字中很难找出规律。
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Ponderous
笨重的；沉闷的；呆板的
slow and awkward because of being very heavy or large （因重或大而）行动迟缓的，笨拙的
He had a slow and ponderous manner. 他的举止缓慢笨拙。
Shiftless
lazy and not having much determination or a clear purpose 没志气的;得过且过的
He called the young people shiftless, lazy and good-for-nothing. 他说这些年轻人胸无大志，懒惰又无用。
Amity
a good relationship 友好，和睦
The two groups had lived in perfect amity for many years before the recent troubles. 这两个群体的人一直和睦相处了很多年，只是最近发生了这些纠葛。
Germane
Ideas or information that is germane to a particular subject or situation is connected with and important to it. （想法、信息等）有密切关系的，有重要意义的
Her remarks could not have been more germane to the discussion. 她的话和这次讨论密切相关。
Gibe(Jibe)
an insulting remark that is intended to make someone look stupid 嘲讽话 Unlike many other politicians, he refuses to indulge in cheap jibes at other people’s expense. 与许多其他政治家不同，他从不对他人滥加嘲讽。
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Inimitable
very unusual or of very high quality and therefore impossible to copy, unique 无双的，无与伦比的；无法模仿的
He was describing, in his own inimitable style/way, how to write a best-selling novel. 他以其独特的风格描述了怎样写畅销小说。
She appeared at the Oscars wearing one of Versace’s inimitable creations. 她身着独一无二的范思哲晚装亮相奥斯卡颁奖典礼。
Itinerate
wondering, traveling from place to place
巡回；巡回传教
mellifluous
having a pleasant and flowing sound 声音甜美的;圆润流畅的
a deep mellifluous voice 浑厚悦耳的嗓音
the mellifluous sound of the cello 大提琴甜美圆润的乐音
Morbid
too interested in unpleasant subjects, especially death （尤指对死亡等）病态的，着迷的 a morbid fascination with death 对死亡的病态迷恋
Predilection
If someone has a predilection for something, they like it a lot. 偏爱，偏好
Ever since she was a child, she has had a predilection for spicy food. 从孩提时起，她就偏好辛辣食物。
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Pugnacious
wanting to start an argument or fight, or expressing an argument or opinion very forcefully 爱争吵的;爱争斗的，好斗的
I found him pugnacious and arrogant. 我发现他咄咄逼人，傲慢无礼。
Rectitude
honesty and correct moral behaviour 公正;正直;诚实
An austere man of unquestioned moral rectitude, Nava inspired deep devotion in those who worked for him. 纳瓦的简朴作风和正直品行有口皆碑，使得员工们对其忠心耿耿。
Rococo(fancy)
relating to the very decorated and detailed style in buildings, art, and furniture that was popular in Europe in the 18th century （18世纪流行于欧洲的一种华丽精巧的建筑、艺术和家具风格）洛可可式的
Aficionado
someone who is very interested in and enthusiastic about a particular subject 酷爱…者;…迷
a club for model railway aficionados 铁路模型爱好者俱乐部
an aficionado of French cinema 对法国电影入迷的人
Cede
to allow someone else to have or own something, especially unwillingly or because you are forced to do so （尤指不情愿地或被迫）割让，让予，放弃
Hong Kong was ceded to Britain after the Opium War. 鸦片战争后香港被割让给了英国。
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Credence
the belief that something is true 支持；相信，信任
I’m not prepared to give credence to anonymous complaints. 我不会相信那些匿名投诉。
His bruises added/lent credence to his statement that he had been beaten. 他的淤伤证实了自己被打的说法。
Debase
to make something less good or less valuable 使堕落；贬低
Some argue that money has debased football. 有人说金钱腐蚀了足球运动。 We debase language by using it inappropriately until it loses its meaning.
Foment
to cause trouble to develop 挑起，激起，煽动（事端）
The song was banned on the grounds that it might foment racial tension. 这首歌因可能挑起种族冲突被禁播了。
Forbearance
to cause trouble to develop 挑起，激起，煽动（事端）
The song was banned on the grounds that it might foment racial tension. 这首歌因可能挑起种族冲突被禁播了。
Jocose
humorous or liking to play 爱开玩笑的;滑稽的;幽默的
His jocose manner was unsuitable for such a solemn occasion. 他滑稽的举止不适合这一严肃的场合。
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Rancor
a feeling of hate and continuing anger about something in the past 记恨;积怨;怨恨
They cheated me, but I feel no rancour towards/against them. 他们欺骗了我，但是我并没有对他们怀恨在心。
Vex
to cause difficulty to someone, or to cause someone to feel angry, annoyed, or upset 给…惹麻烦;使恼火，使烦恼
This issue looks likely to continue to vex the government. 这件事看来会继续使政府恼火。
Burgeon
to develop or grow quickly 迅速发展；快速生长
Love burgeoned between them. 他们双双迅速坠入爱河。
Distend
(usually of the stomach or another part of the body) to swell and become large, especially because of pressure from inside （通常指腹部或身体其他部位）鼓起，隆起，凸起
During digestion, sugar may produce wind that distends the stomach. The medication I take causes my lower belly to distend.
Federation
a group of organizations, countries, regions, etc. that have joined together to form a larger organization or government 同盟，联盟;联邦
the Russian federation 俄罗斯联邦
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Intimation
the action of making clear what you think or want without saying it directly, or something that makes something clear in this way 暗示,hint
His suicide attempt was the first intimation that he was seriously depressed. 他尝试过自杀是他严重抑郁的第一个征兆。
The book’s title gives a fair enough intimation of its subject. 这本书的书名充分暗示了它的主题。
Inviolate
(that must be) not harmed or damaged 不受侵犯的；未受破坏的；不受亵渎的
For centuries the tomb lay inviolate until, by chance, it was discovered by two miners. 数百年来这座坟墓未遭破坏，后来偶然被两个矿工发现。
Kowtow
to show too much respect to someone in authority, always doing what you are told and changing what you do in order to please them 卑躬屈膝，唯命是从
Luminary
a person who is famous and important in a particular area of activity （某一领域的）专家，知名人士
Luminaries of stage and screen (= famous actors) assembled for last night’s awards ceremony. 在昨晚的颁奖典礼上演艺界明星济济一堂。
Panache
a stylish, original, and very confident way of doing things that makes people admire you 潇洒，气派，神气十足
The orchestra played with great panache. 管弦乐队的演奏大气磅礴。
He dressed with panache. 他穿着十分潇洒。
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Parry
to defend yourself from a weapon or an attack by pushing the weapon away or by putting something between your body and the weapon 挡开，避开（武器或攻击）
Propriety
correct moral behaviour or actions （行为）端正，得体，合宜
The director insisted that there was no question as to the propriety of how the funds were raised. 经理坚持说集资方式是完全正当的。
She was careful always to behave with propriety. 她时刻注意行为得体。
Remiss
careless and not doing a duty well enough 疏忽的；懈怠的；玩忽职守的
You have been remiss in your duties. 你一直玩忽职守。
[ + to infinitive ] It was remiss of me to forget to give you the message. 我忘了把口信转达给你，是我的疏忽。
Surreptitious
done secretly, without anyone seeing or knowing 秘密的，偷偷的；鬼鬼祟祟的
She seemed to be listening to what I was saying, but I couldn’t help noticing her surreptitious glances at the clock. 她看起来好像在听我说话，但我明显注意到她偷偷看了几眼钟。
Acrid
An acrid smell or taste is strong and bitter and causes a burning feeling in the throat. （气味或味道）辛辣的，苦的;刺激的，呛人的
Clouds of acrid smoke issued from the building. 楼内冒出阵阵刺鼻的浓烟。
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Disparate
different in every way 截然不同的，迥然相异的
The two cultures were so utterly disparate that she found it hard to adapt from one to the other. 这两种文化截然不同，她发现很难由一种文化转而去适应另一种文化。
Pecuniary
relating to money 钱的;金钱上的
pecuniary interest/loss/benefit 金钱方面的利益／损失／好处
a pecuniary matter 涉及钱的事
Proviso
a statement in an agreement, saying that a particular thing must happen before another can 限制性条款;附文;但书
[ + that ] He was released from prison with/on the proviso that he doesn’t leave the country. 他获释出狱了，但前提条件是不能出国。
Stigma
a strong feeling of disapproval that most people in a society have about something, especially when this is unfair 耻辱;（尤指不公正的）恶名
There is no longer any stigma to being divorced. 离婚不再是什么耻辱的事了。
Being an unmarried mother no longer carries the social stigma that it used to. 未婚妈妈不再像过去那样在社会上背负恶名了。
Terse
using few words, sometimes in a way that seems rude or unfriendly, concise 简短生硬的;简要的
“Are you feeling any better?” “No!” was the terse reply. “你觉得好点儿了吗？”“没有。”回答简短而生硬。
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Torrid
involving strong emotions, especially those of sexual love （尤指性爱）热烈的，炽烈的
a torrid romance 炽烈的爱情
Truncate
to make something shorter or quicker, especially by removing the end of it 截短，删节，缩短（尤指去尾）
Television coverage of the event was truncated by a technical fault. 对比赛的电视直播因技术故障而被缩短。
Vapid
showing no intelligence or imagination 愚蠢的;无生气的;单调的;乏味的
a vapid reality TV show 枯燥乏味的电视真人秀
He’s attractive, but vapid. 他长得好看，但是太蠢。
Abstemious
not doing things that give you pleasure, especially not eating good food or drinking alcohol （尤指对美食或饮酒）有节制的；戒绝的
Capitulate
to accept military defeat 投降;屈服;停止抵抗
Their forces capitulated five hours after the bombardment of the city began. 在该市被轰炸了5个小时之后，他们的军队投降了。
to accept something or agree to do something unwillingly 被迫接受；被迫同意；让步
The sports minister today capitulated to calls for his resignation. 体育部长今天被迫接受了要他辞职的要求。
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Fetid
smelling extremely bad and stale 恶臭的;腐臭的
fetid air/breath 臭气／带恶臭的呼吸
Flaccid
soft or weak rather than firm 松弛的；软弱的
The penis is usually in a flaccid state. 阴茎通常处于松弛状态。
Gourmand
a person who enjoys eating large amounts of food 贪吃的人;大肚汉
Nefarious
(especially of activities) morally bad （尤指活动）邪恶的，不道德的
The company’s CEO seems to have been involved in some nefarious practices/activities. 公司主管看来曾牵涉一些罪恶勾当。
Subvert
to try to destroy or damage something, especially an established political system 破坏，动摇，颠覆（尤指现有的政治体制）
The rebel army is attempting to subvert the government. 叛军试图推翻政府。
Our best intentions are sometimes subverted by our natural tendency to selfishness. 我们的良好意图有时会被自私的本性所破坏。
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Tantamount
being almost the same or having the same effect as something, usually something bad 几近于；等于，相当于
Her refusal to answer was tantamount to an admission of guilt. 她拒绝回答等于是认罪。
Daunt
to make someone feel slightly frightened or worried about their ability to achieve something 使吓倒；使气馁
She was not at all daunted by the size of the problem. 她丝毫也没有被问题的严重性吓住。
Effrontery
extreme rudeness without any ability to understand that your behaviour is not acceptable to other people 厚颜无耻;放肆
He was silent all through the meal and then had the effrontery to complain that I looked bored! 在饭桌上他自始至终一言不发，到头来却有脸抱怨我一副百无聊赖的样子。
Indigent
very poor 十分贫困的，十分贫穷的
Mesmerize
to have someone’s attention completely so that they cannot think of anything else 迷住；迷惑
I was completely mesmerized by the performance. 我完全被表演迷住了。
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Peevish
（尤指因琐事而）易怒的，脾气坏的；爱发牢骚的，抱怨的
easily annoyed 易怒的，脾气坏的
a peevish, bad-tempered person 一个易怒的、坏脾气的人
Prodigy
someone with a very great ability that usually shows itself when that person is a young child 奇才，天才
The 16-year-old tennis prodigy is the youngest player ever to reach the Olympic finals. 这位16岁的网球天才是迄今打进奥林匹克决赛的最年轻的选手。
He read in the paper about a mathematical prodigy who was attending university at the age of twelve. 他在报纸上看到一则12岁就上大学的数学奇才的报道。
Salubrious
A salubrious place is pleasant, clean, and healthy to live in. （地方）环境宜人且有益健康的，宜居的 He doesn’t live in a very salubrious part of town. 他住的地方是镇上不太适宜居住的地方。
Tenet
one of the principles on which a belief or theory is based 信条;宗旨;原则
It is a tenet of contemporary psychology that an individual’s mental health is supported by having good social networks. 当代心理学的一个基本理念就是个人的心理健康有赖于良好的社交圈。
Antithetic
exactly the opposite of someone or something or of each other 对立的
The idea that science is antithetical to the arts is wrong. 将科学与艺术对立的观点是错误的。
Birth and death are antithetical. 生与死是对立的。
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Dolorous
sad, or causing sadness or emotional suffering 忧伤的，伤感的
Fretful
behaving in a way that shows you are unhappy, worried, or uncomfortable 烦躁的;不安的
By midnight the children were tired and fretful (= complaining a lot because they were unhappy). 到了半夜，孩子们既疲倦又烦躁不安。
Progeny
the young or offspring of a person, animal, or plant （人或动植物的）后代，后裔
His numerous progeny are scattered all over the country. 他有很多后代，遍布在全国各地。
Ambience
the character of a place or the quality it seems to have 气氛；情调；环境
Despite being a busy city, Dublin has the ambience of a country town. 尽管都柏林是一个繁忙的城市，但颇有乡村城镇的情调。
Cataclysm
an event that causes a lot of destruction, or a sudden, violent change 剧变；大灾难；大变动
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Commandeer
to take possession of or control private property by force or for military use, to seize 霸占;强征;征用
Demise
death, the end of something that was previously considered to be powerful, such as a business, industry, or system 倒闭；败落；垮台
The demise of the company was sudden and unexpected. 该公司出人意料地突然倒闭了。
Fester
If a cut or other injury festers, it becomes infected and produces pus. （伤口）化脓，溃烂
Hinterland
the land behind the coast or the banks of a river, or an area of a country that is far away from cities 内陆，内地;边远地区
Imbroglio
an unwanted, difficult, and confusing situation, full of trouble and problems 错综复杂的局面，困局
The Soviet Union became anxious to withdraw its soldiers from the Afghan imbroglio. 苏联变得急于想把它的军队从阿富汗困局中撤出来。
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Laggard
someone or something that is very slow, a person or group that lags behind 行动迟缓的人;缓慢移动的事物
Miscreant
someone who behaves badly or does not obey rules 恶棍，无赖；歹徒
We need to discourage miscreants. 我们需要惩戒无赖之徒。
Pallid
very pale, in a way that looks unhealthy and not attractive 无血色的，病状的
Next to his tanned face, hers seemed pallid and unhealthy. 与他那张晒得黑黑的脸相比，她的脸显得苍白不健康。
Proclivity
the fact that someone likes something or likes to do something, especially something considered morally wrong 癖性;（尤指坏的）倾向
the sexual proclivities of celebrities 名人的性癖好
his proclivity for shapely blondes 他对身材匀称的金发女郎的偏爱
Quaff
to drink something quickly or in large amounts 痛饮，大口喝
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Ribald
Ribald language refers to sex in a rude but humorous way. （指言语）粗俗诙谐的；猥亵逗笑的
He entertained us with ribald stories. 他讲了一些粗俗诙谐的故事逗我们。
Veracity
the quality of being true, honest, or accurate 真实；诚实；实事求是
Doubts were cast on the veracity of her alibi. 她不在场证据的真实性开始受到怀疑。
Assuage
to make unpleasant feelings less strong 缓和；减轻；平息
The government has tried to assuage the public’s fears. 政府努力消除公众的恐慌。
Choleric
very angry or easily annoyed 暴怒的；易怒的，性情暴躁的
bad tempered
Dulcet
Dulcet sounds are soft and pleasant to listen to. 柔和动听的，轻柔悦耳的
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Ameliorate
to make a bad or unpleasant situation better 使变好，改善，改进
Foreign aid is badly needed to ameliorate the effects of the drought. 急需外援以缓解干旱造成的灾情。
Churlish
rude, unfriendly, and unpleasant 粗鲁无礼的，粗野的;不友好的;令人讨厌的
They invited me to dinner and I thought it would be churlish to refuse. 他们邀请我去吃晚饭，我觉得拒绝有点儿不礼貌。
Dilate
to (cause a part of the body to) become wider or further open （使身体的一部分）扩张，展开
The pupils of the eyes dilate as darkness increases. 光线变暗时瞳孔就会放大。
This drug will dilate the arteries. 这种药可以扩张动脉血管。
Hiatus
a short pause in which nothing happens or is said, or a space where something is missing, a gap, a break 间断，间隙
The company expects to resume production of the vehicle again after a two-month hiatus. 该公司希望在中断两个月之后恢复这种车的生产。
Lassitude
physical or mental tiredness, lack of energy 疲惫，疲劳;倦怠
Shareholders are blaming the company’s problems on the lassitude of the CEO. 股东们将公司出现的问题归咎于首席执行官工作懈怠。
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Petulant
easily annoyed and complaining in a rude way like a child 耍孩子脾气的，任性的;脾气暴躁的
Reverie
(a state of having) pleasant dream-like thoughts 幻想;梦想;白日梦
He was lost in reverie until he suddenly heard someone behind him. 他陷入了沉思，直到突然听到背后有人。
Sagacious
having or showing understanding and the ability to make good judgments 聪慧的，洞察事理的;睿智的
a sagacious person/comment/choice 聪敏的人／鞭辟入里的评论／明智的选择
Dire
极其严重的，极可怕的；<非正式>极糟的，极差的；预示灾难的；紧急的，急迫的
very serious or extreme 严重的；危急的；极端的
These people are in dire need of help. 这些人急需援助。
He gave a dire warning that an earthquake was imminent. 他郑重警告说马上就要地震了。
This decision will have dire consequences for local people. 这一决定将对当地人产生严重的后果。
Ebullience
the quality of being full of energy and happiness 热情洋溢;兴高采烈
As he sat slumped on the sofa, his natural ebullience had evaporated. 当他瘫坐在沙发上时，他的自然活力已经消失殆尽。
Colleagues and audiences admired her youthful ebullience. 同事和观众都对她的热情洋溢钦佩不已。
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Emigre
someone who has had to leave their country permanently, usually for political reasons （通常指因政治原因而移居外国的）流亡者
Florid
with too much decoration or detail 过分装饰的;花哨的
a florid architectural style 华丽的建筑风格
florid prose/rhetoric 词藻华丽的散文／修辞
Hapless
unlucky and usually unhappy 不幸运的；不愉快的
Many children are hapless victims of this war. 许多儿童是这场战争不幸的受害者。
Inculcate
to fix beliefs or ideas in someone’s mind, especially by repeating them often 反复灌输;谆谆教诲
Our coach has worked hard to inculcate a team spirit in/into the players. 我们的教练努力给运动员灌输团队精神。
Infinitesimal
extremely small 极微小的
The amounts of radioactivity present were infinitesimal. 存在的放射量极小。
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Noxious
Something, especially a gas or other substance, that is noxious is poisonous or very harmful. （尤指气体或其他物质）有毒的，有害的
They died from inhaling noxious fumes. 他们吸入有毒烟雾致死。
Parsimonious
not willing to spend money or use a lot of something, stingy 吝啬小气的，过度节俭的
She’s too parsimonious to heat the house properly. 她太节省了，甚至都舍不得给房子供足暖气。
I had to be a little parsimonious with the fresh thyme. I think that politicians are often parsimonious with the (= do not tell the complete) truth. 我认为政客们常常不愿说出全部事实真相。
Potable
clean and safe to drink 干净安全适宜饮用的 potable water 可饮用水
Supplant
to replace 取代，代替
Printed books will soon be supplanted by e-books. 纸质书将很快被电子书取代。
Small children can often feel supplanted in their parents’ affections (= that their parents no longer like them as much) when a new brother or sister is born. 当弟弟或妹妹出生后，小孩子常常会觉得自己在父母心中的地位被取代了。
Vociferous
Vociferous people express their opinions and complaints loudly and repeatedly in speech, and vociferous demands, etc. are made repeatedly and loudly. 大声疾呼的；大声叫喊的；喧嚷的
Local activist groups have become increasingly vociferous as the volume of traffic passing through the village has increased. 随着途经村子的车辆不断增加，当地激进主义团体的抱怨声也越来越大。
A vociferous opponent of gay rights, he is well-known for his right-wing views. 他是同性恋权利的公开反对者，以其右翼观点而闻名。
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Abject
the state of being extremely unhappy, poor, unsuccessful, etc.: They live in abject poverty. 他们过着赤贫的生活。
Blithe
happy and without worry 欢乐的，愉快的;无忧无虑的
She shows a blithe disregard for danger. 她对危险毫不在乎。
Cataract
a disease in which an area of someone’s eye becomes less clear so that they cannot see clearly, or the area affected in this way 白内障
Obfuscate
to make something less clear and harder to understand, especially intentionally （尤指故意）使模糊，使糊涂，使困惑
She was criticized for using arguments that obfuscated the main issue. 她被批评故意使用混淆主要问题的论点。
Companies deliberately obfuscate figures in complicated annual reports. Instead of concealing or obfuscating, the doctors involved admitted their fault and launched an investigation.
Obstreperous
difficult to deal with and noisy 爱吵嚷的;喧闹的;吵闹不服管束的;难驾驭的
obstreperous customers 吵吵嚷嚷的顾客