托福口语 TOEFL Speaking

托福口语准备

2024-03-07

口语练习方法

  • 跟读：单词和单句练习；纪录片跟读，演讲跟读
  • 写作输出，练习语法和基本句型
  • 总结话题：短语，词汇，句型
  • 疯狂输出：找一个话题，列2个理由，45s 限时口说，利用Orai 人工智能打分，打到85分绿色为止，然后换一个话题
  • 关于人工智能：购买某种人工智能打分软件，因为这样比ETS评分回馈要快很多。

15s Notes

Talk about a technology that changed your life the most.

Laptop(Topic):

  • Internet(lookup information , communicate)
  • Textbooks(cheaper, many books)

If you ask me about ___, I would choose ___

first, ____ (20 seconds)

second, ____(20 seconds)

To sum up, that’s why I believe that …

评分标准

  • Delivery: 发音，停顿，语速等
  • Language Use: 语法(从句)，单词（精准实用单词），句法不要太单调
  • Topic Development: Structure（introduction, body, conclusion），有连接词(first, second, also, and)，因果(because,so, since, for)，转折(although, but, however)，举例(for example/instance, such as)等

日常练习

  1. 做笔记 Note-taking Strategies
  2. 极速造句 Sentence-making Practice
  3. 影子练习 Shadowing Pratice
  4. 时间管理 Time-wise Management

做笔记

  • Process function: better understanding, retain
  • Product function: material
  1. The Mapping
  2. The Cornell
  3. The Outlining
  4. The Sentence

Outlining is suitable for TOEFL Test

  • Your opinion
  • Topic of reading passages
  • Topic of listening passages: instruction & first sentences
  • main points, terms
  • key examples, reasons

How to take notes:

  • Strategy: the Outlining
  • Techniques:
    1. Fragments of words(frag wor); factory: fac, economy: eco, change: cha, company: com, business: busi
    2. Voewl elimination(frg wrd); factor: fct, economy: ecm, change: chg
    3. Use symbols: AMAP, good/like, ->, …

极速造句

  1. Phrases and patterns
  2. No less than 3 sentences
  3. AFAP(as fast as possible)
  4. Grammatically right
  5. record your sentences
  • I can’t wait to do sth
  • It’s necessary that …

Shadowing Practice

  • passage shadowing
  • sentence shadowing

Benefits:

  • Easy to get stated
  • warm-up
  • better integration
  • positive motor habit(正向肌肉记忆)
  • improve listening
  • improve concentration 专注力

How:

  • choose the right material
  • read the scripts first
  • use earphones
  • record yourself shadowing and give it a listen

Tools:

  • Shadowing English Speaking Exercise
  • English Shadowing TEDICT
  • Online Tone Generator

Time Management

  • 17 minutes
  • 15 seconds(independent prep)
  • 45 seconds(independent speak)
  • 30 seconds
  • 60 seconds

十大口语问题

The Speaking Fluency(mentally, physically)

  • Organizing ideas logically
  • Linking devices
  • Express and justify opinions

句型单一

  • Complicated Phrases
  • Complicated Patterns
  • Sentence Length
  • Clause Structure

话题发展 Topic Development(Express and Justify opinions)

  • Main topic
  • Subttopic
  • Details(elaboration 详尽阐述)

语音问题 pronunciation

  • Vowel
  • Consonant

音变现象(Liaison, connected speech)

  • son of an American
  • an apple a day keeps the doctor away
  • an empty space

Intonation 语调，腔调

  • Musical(pitch changes)
  • Stress(stressed words)
  • Length(longer duration)

content words vs. function words

Word Stress

  • 双音节词一般重音在第一音节：daily, clever, happy, climate
  • 多音节词重音一般在倒数第三音节：difficult, economy, university
  • 大部分带前缀的，如a, be, con 等的单词重音在第二音节: arise, believe, consist, conduct, because
  • 大部分带后缀的，er, or, ful, est等单词重音在第一音节：teacher, actor, badly, foolish

Grammar

  • Singular/Plural Noun
  • Subject-Verb Agreement 主谓一致
  • 动词时态（过去，完成，现在，将来）
  • Article Issues(a/an/the/zero)

Chinglish:

  • I feel too noisy(I feel it is too noisy)
  • I am boring （主动）令人无趣(I am bored, 我感到无趣，状态)
  • I don’t believe(I don’t believe it)

Oxford Practice Grammar Student’s Site

笔记相关 Notes-wise

  • 记了没法听
  • 听了没法记录
  • 记了看不懂
  • 懂了说不出

Linking Devieces

造句

  • Give opinions: I think, I prefer to do, I believe that, in my opinion, it is a good idea to do, I agree with/ he agrees with that
  • Give reasons: because, the reason is
  • Give examples: for example/instance, such as, take … as an example, one example of this is, like
  • Give a list: First, Scond, Third, Last
  • Reading passages: in the reading, according to the reading, the author of the reading, the professor said that
  • Listening passages: lecture, dialogue, says, argues, holds that

Structure of a Reading Passage

  1. Title
  2. Background Information
  3. Opinion/Attitude/Changes
  4. Major Point #1
  5. Major Point #2

托福口语模板：Task 1（独立话题）

题目类型：

  • Agree/disagree 同意/不同意
  • Paired choice 配对选择 prefer
  • A good idea to do sth? it depends

观点明确，支持观点明确，有例子解释。发音元音饱满，尾音下沉。

Personally, I would have to say that, um, the person that I admire most / a valuable possession I want to talk about / the place I would most like to go is ______________.

And there are a couple of reasons to name. The most important thing is that, you know, ____________________.What’s more, ____________________. So that’s why ____________________.

准备时间15s。说8个句子，说的时间45s。

  • Topic
  • Reason #1: Example/Detail
  • Reason #2: Example, detail

一边倒模版：

  1. 亮明观点 I think it’s better to
  2. 有两个支持观点 There a couple of reasons for
  3. 支持观点1，解释1; reasons, numbers, personal experience
  4. 支持观点2，解释2; reasons, numbers, personal experience

中立观点：

I think it depends, both of the options are good in some situations.

In my

Template TST:

  • Topic Sentece
  • Supporting idea(reasons, numbers, personal experience)
  • Transition(for example, because, first, second)
  • That why I agree with…, I choose, I prefer …

可用编。

Tips and Tricks:

  • Straight to the point
  • Don’t read the prompt
  • Avoid Repeating yourself
  • Details make huge difference
  • Vary patterns and Vocab
  • Think fast. 万能理由

Mentally fluency:

Frequently used reasons 万能理由

  1. Efficiency
  2. Social
  3. Personal Growth
  4. Environment-wise
  5. Health-related
  6. Emotion-related

Efficiency

save time, save money, time and energy-saving

  • save time(watch movies at home vs at the theatre)
  • save money(eat at home vs in the restaurants, wearing school uniforms vs wearing own clothes, new books vs used ones)
  • improve efficiency(online learning vs traditional learning mode)

Social

  • make new friends(group study vs individual study. Learn from books vs. l–earn via traveling.)
  • Enhance family bond(travel with family members vs. travel with friends)
  • Team Spirit(individual sports vs. team sports)

Personal growth

  • Career development(work in the current business vs. work in a new industry)
    • carer development, career path, comfort zone
  • Personal Gain(travel the place they have been to vs. travel new places)
    • gain more knowledge, more exposure, more experience
  • Sense of achievement(cooking being boring vs cooking being fun)
  • Sense of curiosity(好奇感, work at one job your entire life vs. switch jobs every five years)
  • Keep learning(Gap year. Do you think it’s a good idea?)

Environment-wise

  • Green commuting(go to word by riding a bike vs. driving a car. )
  • Environmental protection(a parking lot vs. a park to be built)

Health-related

  • Work out, keep fit, stay in shpe, on a regular basis, be good for my health
  • Go on a diet(loose weight via going on a diet. Do you agree or disagree?)
    • go on a diet, work out, healthy diet and regular workout

Emotion-related

  • Relieve stress(workout vs watching movies. Which do you prefer to relax yourself?)

Stress-reducer, relax oneself

  • city life being stressful(live in cities vs live in countryside)
  • team work makes me happy

托福口语模板：Task 2（校园问题复述）

先读，后听，再说

  1. 学校的计划是什么（复述阅读到的内容）sumarize the plan
  2. 一个同学是否同意这个计划（听力）, state the man/woman’s opinion
  3. 阐释这个同学为什么不同意这个机会，给出论点和数据（听力）, explain the reasons he/she gives

The school has implemented a new policy/plan that________________due to ____________________.

And the man/woman holds a positive / negative view towards the announcement. The first reason s/he gives is that____________________. And the second one is based on the fact that____________________. Therefore, s/he agrees/disagrees with that opinion.

The man/woman doesn’t like the idea. The man/woman support this change for two reasons. First, …, Second, … The man/woman has a mixed opinion of this change.

笔记：

  • 变化(title) 观点1，观点2

  • 只记录关键句

  • 把握情感倾向

  • acquire a new sculpture for campus

  • oppose this

  • poor financial condition

  • so large, take up space

主谓宾完整

托福口语模板：Task 3（学术问题复述）

先读(Concept, general)，后听(explain the concept, give example)，再说(sumary the listening), 85 words, 9-10 sentences

In the lecture, the professor mainly talked about the theory that____________________.

To reinforce the theory, the professor gave two examples / reasons in his speech. The first one is that____________________. The other one is that____________________.

And that’s the two examples / reasons the speaker presented to explain his/her idea. (The conclusion is optional. )

阅读引出学术名词。听力解释这个名词举例子。

考：Example 如何支持这个概念。

  1. Use the example
  2. Explain the trem, process, or ideas
  • Title
  • Background
  • Definition
  • Details

Structure:

  1. State the term(1 sentence)
  2. Define it(1-2 sentences)
  3. Examples (6 sentences)
  4. Conclusion(1 sentence)

托福口语模板：Task 4（学术问题复述）

听完了说。

In the lecture, the professor provides two examples to illustrate the phenomenon/theory that____________________. The first one is that____________________. Another example is that____________________. And that’s the two examples the speaker presented to explain the theory/phenomenon. (Still, the conclusion is optional. )

注：1.2模板倾向于口语，比较自然。有一些的well,um,you know之类的词汇，是可以理解的。

Template: (复述lecture)

  • The lecture is about two types of approaches / factors …
  • First, the professor talks about / says that …
  • For example …
  • or According to the lecture …
  • And then the professor also mentions that … For instance …
  • or According to the lecture …
  • There two factors for preventing
  1. use the examples
  2. describe / explain the topic

一个概念，带2个Examples.

笔记完整，主谓宾完整结构。套用原文原词。

85+ words， approximatly 9-10 sentences.

1st: Topic 2nd: sub-topic 1, 2th-5th example 1 6th: sub-topic 2, 7th-9th expamle 2

Conclusion: These are the two factors/methods of/to …

active/passive 主动/被动

active attention/passive attension

active trap/ passive trap

口语大结局（Big Finale）

七大必杀技(7 killer tips)

  1. Understanding the scoring rubrics(delivery[fluency, mentally, physically], language use, topic development)
  2. Stick to templates and customize them as well
  3. Time Management
  4. Four daily practices
    1. note-taking(fragment words, vowel elimination, symbols)
    2. fast sentence-making
    3. shadowing practice
    4. time management
  5. Speak LOUDLY, clearly, full, naturally
  6. Details really count(numbers, reasons, personal experience)
  7. Anti-distractions 抗感染(keyborad sound, voice, cough, throat clear, bird chirping, barking)

Useful Resources 资源推荐

  • 托福智课
  • TOEFL Go
  • TOEFL Prep
  • TOEFL Speaking
  • Shadowing
  • TEDICT
  • SpeechRate 测语速
  • LikeSo 题库，自由表达
  • Orai 语速和语调训练，情绪语速，energy

四题实践

句型总结

人

  • people
  • every individual
  • person
  • man
  • everyone
  • everybody

开阔眼界

students who have never been overseas before can broaden their perspective.

我喜欢做某事

I’d rather do than do.
I’d rather go to cinema than stay at home.

I prefer sailing than diving. I would prefer to do sth rather than do sth.

I enjoy doing sth.

I like doing / I like to do

I would choose to do.

有帮助 helpful, good

  • be good for …
  • be bad for …
  • be benificial for …
  • be help for…
  • harmful 有害的
  • beneficial 有利的

Which is benifical to … too.

健康 health

  • mental health
  • health 健康

友谊 friendship

方便高效

  • convenient
  • advantageous
  • inconvenient
  • flexible 灵活的
  • inflexible 不灵活的
  • efficient 高效的

无聊无趣

  • boring things
  • tedious 冗长的，单调乏味的

替换good/important

  • good/fabulous/remarkable/excellent/outstanding/fine/superb
  • important/significant/essential/crucial/vital/critical/central/majior

节省时间

  • time saving
  • a waste of time
  • waste time

be able to do sth. so ABCly

On the contrary 相反地

The pheromone trail gets stronger.

it doesn’t necessarily have to be plastic

increase the burden 加重负担

They can easily get distracted/attracted. They would be concentrated on it.

This is a …/ This called …

A does B by doing in …, about … for a long time.

A does B because.

Alrough B is C, B does D.

make decisions

point of view

our behaviors and attitudes may change over time.

References groups are groups people whom we admire or whose hehaviors and attitudes we tend to imitate.

Target marketing has been proved to be very effictive in reaching potential customers.

The strategy to advertising to smaller, very specific audiences who have the greatest need for the product.

commercials(商业广告；宣传（commercial 的复数）；商业股票) = ads

they often decide not to pursue a new opportunity.

avoid taking risks 避免冒风险

an anonymous donor is paying the bill for most of the cost of the sculpture.

taking up space 占地

He reason was totally off. 他的理由完全错了。

unconvincing 令人难以信服

contributed to the custumor’s positive attitudes toward the ad and the car being advertised.

capable people 有能力的人

trauma from our childhoods? 童年创伤

These early electric guitars were hollow and these early amplifiers caused vibrations in the bodies of the instruments.

这些早期的电吉他是中空的，并且这些早期的扩声器引起了乐器主体的振动。

So as the sound got louder, it became more distorted, fuzzy-sounding.

所以随着声音变得更响，声音就变得越发扭曲失真。

And what musicians at the time wanted(那时候他们想要) was a pure, clean sound.

Every individual has the inalienable right to be happy. shovels 铲子

确保

Before going on vacation, she ensured that she locked up the house.

adaptations

animals develop some physical adaptation to cope with these challenge.

压力问题

  • study pressure
  • working pressure
  • streeful
  • puzzled, tired, troubled, stressed

痛苦

  • headache 头疼
  • eye-strain 视觉疲劳

第三题

The Concept of Reactance

The concept of Reactance means people often prefer to have as much freedom as possible in determining their behavior, if their rights or actions are limited unfaily, they want to restore them or against them.

One example, a kid likes palying at a playground, but his parents suddenly don’t allow him to do so, he thinks it is unfair, than he wants to go there even than before, so he goes there more than before.

The second example, a brand of soap which contains an ingredient that the government claims it was harmful to the environment, but it is not. Although the government will forbidden this soap, so people upset about this and buy a lot of this soap more than other circumstances.

高级

独立口语的回答思路(45s，回答满100 words, 说满8~10句话)

Favorite 最喜欢的东西: book, musci, movie

Music: Rock music Book: The Intellgent Investor Movie: Spider

激励人：帮助他人，帮助人类，解决困难，消除怪兽，抵御灾难，让我也想成为那样的英雄 有值得学习的点：坚持不懈的努力，遇到困难不放弃。做事认真，制作精美体现认真的工作态度，发展的历史体现人们对科技进步的追求

Prefer 偏好对比类

  • 金钱方面，是否费钱/省钱
  • 时间方面，是否耗费时间/节省时间
  • 环境方面，是否破坏环境
  • 能源方面，环境友好

Agree/Disagree

口语热点问题

  • 以前的资料可用
  • 准备万能理由，但不要死背
  • 中式口音，会影响成绩？Accent，不能影响理解
  • Mistakes, minor ok.
  • 独立口语: 100 words，Integrated: 130 words
  • filler words 避免
  • 训练时，我会把答案写下来，熟读，会背，这个方法好吗？不好，不推荐

Rhetorical Strategies

For TOEFL, you need to learn the following eight rhetorical strategies: narration, process, description, illustration, compare-and-contrast, cause-and-effect, definition, classification.

Narration describes the passing of time. When we arrange events according to time, we put them in chronological or time order. for example:

Yesterday, Fatima got up at seven o’clock and took a shower. After that she had breakfast, then rode the bus to work. When she got to work, she checked her email, then discussed the new business plan with her colleagues.

Process means putting events in sequential or step-by-step order.

a. When making tea, first boil water. Next, put a tea bag into a cup. When the water is boiling, pour the water into the cup. Finally, add milk and sugar as you prefer. b. Titanic hit an iceberg, broke in two, then sank.

Description creates pictures of people, places and things using adjectives and adverbs. Description appeals to the senses: smell, sight, taste, hearing and touch.

a. Alexander, the keyboard player in the band, is wearing a black leather jacket, faded jeans and red cowboy boots. b. The old man lived alone in an old house high on a rugged cliff overlooking a stormy sea.

Illustration means example or supporting illustration, for example:

a. There are many places to go for a honeymoon. For example, many newlyweds go to Hawaii. b. When you visit Manhattan, I suggest you visit Times Square and Central Park.

Compare-and-contrast describes the differences and similarities between two or more objects, people or ideas. Compare-and-contrast also describes differences in opinion, for example:

a. Raquel tried the apple pie and decided the cherry pie was sweeter. b.Ivan believes that all high school students should wear school uniforms; however, Paula believes that students should have the right to choose what they want to wear.

Cause-and-effect means action and result. We use cause-and-effect to describe an action and the results, or consequences, of that action, for example:

a. Mohammed studied hard and got a high TOEFL score. b. Global warming is melting the ice at the North Pole.

A definition is a detailed description of a person, place, object or idea. The purpose of a definition is to give meaning, for example:

a. The dodo was a flightless bird native to New Zealand. b.TOEFL is an English language proficiency test developed and implemented by Educational Testing Services (ETS) located in Princeton, New Jersey.

To classify means to put people, things or ideas into sub groups under a main topic, for example:

a. There are three kinds of wine: red, white and rosé. b. TOEFL, TOEIC and IELTS are English language proficiency tests.

In this example, notice how the conclusion（结尾点题） confirms the premise(前提，开头总结), and takes us right back to the start. The speaking and writing raters will look for this closed or formal structure. Why? Because it means that you are using deduction as a method of organizing a fact-based argument, be it written or verbal.

When you start a fact-based argument with examples—then make conclusion based on your examples—you are using induction as the method of organizing your argument.

Coherence = A High Score

If you want high speaking and writing scores, your personal-opinion arguments and fact-based arguments must demonstrate coherence. Coherence means that the individual parts of your argument are working together proficiently to deliver a clear and logical message. An example is Mary’s personal-opinion argument about California and the fact-based argument about rice. The message in both the deductive and inductive responses is clear: Mary had a fabulous time in California and rice is classified according to grain size. How can you make sure that your verbal and written arguments demonstrate coherence on test day? By using the strategy called argument mapping.

Argument mapping is a graphics-based strategy designed to help you map out the structure of personal-opinion and fact-based arguments quickly and proficiently. By doing so, both essay types will demonstrate coherence.

An understanding of argument mapping begins with the paragraph map G+TiC. Translated, G+TiC means:

General statement + Transition + illustration + Conclusion

G+TiC describes the three-parts of a paragraph.(总分总结构)

  • General statement(topic sentence)
  • Transition + illustration(example)
  • Conclusion(conclusion)

Details = greater topic development = a higher score.（Write subjectively. Write about yourself. Also, be specific. Include as many details as possible. ）

独立口语“最什么”任务

Person 人

  • gifted/talented 有天分

He was gifted, when he was only 6 years old, he can write and deploy his own website which allows people to post articles and comments online.

Being talented: enjoys a much longer fun time than the other students but always grades first.

Whatever song he hears it once, he can sing it even better than the original singer.

cooking, no matter what kind of food we order in whatever restaurant, she can cook a much better one.

  • diligent 勤奋的 He was diligent, because he starts to practiced early in the morning, and worked late into the night.

He plays basketball day and night, almost like 7 11 player.

gets up early and does the breakfast for the whole family and stays late in night preparing for what we should have the next day.

  • charming 有魅力的 When he was performing at the staged, he killed everyone, no matter 80 or 18. And all people in the neighborhood likes him.

Xiaoming is indeed a basketball player, if he is not, how can he have such a great number of fans.

Places 地点

找出自己是什么样的人，围绕自己是什么样的人。

图书馆、地点、电影院、购物，地点不同，带来相同的主观经历

  • Harbor 港湾
  • Bridge 桥梁
  • Beacon 灯塔
  • Always about “you”

reading is my cup of tea.

图书馆：

第一句话，我喜欢读书。

  1. good equipments(hot want, well-designed desks and chairs)
  2. long open hours(9-9, 365 days open)
  3. good services(QR borrowing and returning books)

Although there are plenty of public places I usually visit in my town, the city library always pops into my mind and stands at the first position of my bucket list for the following reasons.

Firstly, reading is my cup of tea. Every time I get there, I would feel that I am like a drifting boat returned to the harbor. When I am tired, bored or frustrated, spending a few hours reading in the library can’t be more fantastic.

Besides, the city library seems like a bridge to me. I am on one side while the greatest minds are on the other. It tightly connects us together.

Finally, it’s like a beacon to me. Whenever I am puzzled, desperate or hopeless, I’d like to talk to my friends in the city library and in most cases I got indeed brilliant advice, they inspired me with wisdom and power.

In a nutshell, that’s why I like the city library.

公园：

  1. help me relieve my stress. green grasses/ tall and gree trees / big central lake
  2. make friends and learn English. participate the English disscusion

some trained my organizing ablility and cooperative skills.

广场：

  • Harbor: exercising facilities and open air movies
  • Bridge: wanted lifestyle
  • Beacon: got inspirational ideas through chatting with friends or the unfamiliar.

Events 事件

生日 Birthday：

  • 寿面：lucky noodles
  • 寿桃：peach-like bread/steamed buns(包子)
  • a symbol of longevity
  • enjoy doing sth
  • in the morning, my grandfather would like to enjoy the lucky noodles and lucky peaches
  • luck peach is not a real peach, but a peach-shaped steamed buns.
  • These two foods are symbols of a longer longevity.
  • At noon: firecrackers, dirve away the evils and maintain healthy
  • must 必然要做
  • do the …
  • do the teaching job
  • do the riding job
  • At noon: doing the firecrackers job is a must at noon, in order drive away the evils and maintain health.
  • In the evening:
  • 红包: lucky money, brand new paper bills wrapped in red envelop, ciculation of money stands for the accumulation of fortune.

Although there are plenty of ways to celebrate the birthdays in my country, I’d like to talk about my grandpa’s way. Because it’s a typical Chinese sytel.

In the morning, lucky noodles and lucky peaches were sure to be enjoyed. Lucky peach is not an actual peach but the peach-shaped steamed bun. These foods represent a longer longevity.

Doing the firecrackers job is a must at noon to drive away the evils and allow my grandpa stay healthy.

题目: Describe a wonderful period of time in your life.

Question: Describe a special job that you have had in the past or one that you would like to have in the future.

Being a English teacher:

  1. love with kids
  2. sense of achivement
  3. teach english, first hand materials to students
  4. learn together with students

Being a manager of a birthday celebration company is my ideal job.

He prased me for doing this job for him.

Question: Describe a celebration or public event you attend recently. Explain why it was memorable to you. Include reasons and examples to support your response.

Questino: Talk about a positive experience you recently had working with another person. Explain why this experience was important to you.

Q: living in countryside or city

Countryside:

  • quiet: easy to concentrate to study, easy to have a good rest
  • cheaper: in city, goods need to be trasportated from faraway
  • air/organic food

City:

  • oppertunities/jobs, man jobs, earn more money, high salary
  • convenient: goods and services
  • education
  • medical services

Objects

Transportation

  1. fast and reliable
  2. comfortbale
  3. cheap. cheap than plain

Q: Describle a skill you want to learn. Include reasons and details to support your response.

  • how to make paper cut
  • Prepare those needed materials: red waxy paper, clippers, glue-stick
  • Present the wanted pattern on the red waxy paper by drawing lines
  • Cut away the unwanted parts and paste the leftovers on the window as a blessing for a better incoming year.

Q: Introduce one of the most popular or important activity in your country.

The Chinese

Others

Q: How to improve a country’s education system? What’s your opinion and why?

  • Better way of teaching: more research programs
  • Better teachers: more training programs, special awards.
  • Better facilities: national investment on rural and developing areas to update school facilities.

Q: Your university just got an investment. What do you think your university should use the money to do? To improve the library, gym or lab?

  • Gym
  • Body building is equally important
  • Set more P.E courses(Physical Education courses)
  • Be able to hold competitions

独立任务多选一

客观题，先定义，主观题看自己

  • Objective question
  • T: cares each student more
  • Ss: More chances to interact with Ts

Although there are practical advantages of learning in big classes, I believe students will benefit from smaller ones for the following reasons.