Geography: 世界著名自然地理

世界著名山川

珠穆朗玛峰 Mount Everest 8,848.86 m

Mount Everest is Earth’s highest mountain above sea level, located in the Mahalangur Himal sub-range of the Himalayas. The China–Nepal border ru·ns across its summit point. Its elevation (snow height) of 8,848.86 m (29,031 ft 8+1⁄2 in) was most recently established in 2020 by the Chinese and Nepali authorities.

富士山 Fujisan 3,776.24 m

Mount Fuji (富士山, Fujisan) is an active stratovolcano located on the Japanese island of Honshu, with a summit elevation of 3,776.24 m (12,389 ft 3 in). It is the tallest mountain in Japan

Mount Kilimanjaro 5,895 m

Mount Kilimanjaro is a dormant volcano in Tanzania. With three volcanic cones（火山锥） — Kibo, Mawenzi and Shira — it is the highest mountain in Africa and the highest single free-standing mountain above sea level in the world: 5,895 m (19,341 ft) above sea level and 4,900 m (16,100 ft) above its plateau base. It is also the highest volcano in the Eastern Hemisphere.

Matterhorn 4,478 m

The Matterhorn is the Mountain of Mountains. Shaped like a jagged tooth, it’s a magnet for adventurers looking for a mythical climb in Switzerland.

At 4,478 metres, the majestic Matterhorn, also called the “jewel of the Swiss Alps” and certainly the most famous mountain in Europe, looms over the breathtaking Alpine panorama. This Switzerland landmark is at the border of the western Swiss canton of Valais between Zermatt and the Italian resort of Breuil-Cervinia, and offers a paradise for all nature-lovers looking for peace and quiet. Its symmetric pyramid shape, the rocky tooth reaching the sky and the light reflections of the nearby Stellisee make the Matterhorn’s landscape a unique natural spectacle in Zermatt.

Denali 6194 m

世界著名高原 Plateau

https://lotusarise.com/major-plateaus-of-the-world-upsc/
https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/major-plateaus-of-the-world-1520945604-1
The Plateaus are built over millions of years as pieces of Earth’s crust smash into each other, melt, and gurgle back toward the surface.
The term Plateau can be defined as the upland which has at least one side of a very steep slope standing well above the neighboring surface and whose upper part is extensively flat.
The most significant deciding factor of the Plateau is the flatness of its top rather than the height.

Colorado Plateau

The Colorado Plateau includes Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico.
It is divided by the Colorado River and the Grand Canyon.
It is the largest plateau in America, and it covers an area of 337,000km2 and its highest elevation is about 2,450m above sea level.
This plateau is an example of intermontane plateau. Mesas and buttes are found here at many places.
The plateau is known for the groundwater which is under positive pressure and causes the emergence of springs called Artesian wells.

世界著名平原 Plain

https://strawpoll.com/most-beautiful-plains-world

Serengeti Plains, Tanzania:
With its vast grasslands and abundant wildlife, the Serengeti is one of the most iconic plains in the world. It is home to the famous wildebeest migration and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Great Plains, United States
Stretching across 18 states in the US, the Great Plains are known for their flat topography and sweeping vistas. They are home to important agricultural regions and offer stunning sunsets.

Pampas, Argentina
The Pampas are a vast, fertile plain that covers much of Argentina and Uruguay. They are home to cattle ranches, gauchos, and a unique culture.

Canterbury Plains, New Zealand
Located on the South Island of New Zealand, the Canterbury Plains are a beautiful expanse of farmland, rivers, and mountains. They are home to many scenic drives and outdoor activities.

Nullarbor Plain, Australia
The Nullarbor is a vast, treeless plain that stretches across southern Australia. It is home to unique wildlife and stunning geological formations, such as the Great Australian Bight.

Mongolian Steppe, Mongolia
The Mongolian Steppe is a vast, grassy plain that covers much of central and eastern Mongolia. It is home to nomadic herders and unique wildlife, such as the wild horse known as the takhi.

世界著名盆地 Basin

The Amazon Basin, in northern South America, is the largest in the world. The Amazon River and all of its tributaries drain an area more than 7 million square kilometers (about 3 million square miles). Structural basins are formed by tectonic activity.

世界著名峡谷 canyons

https://www.redbull.com/int-en/the-most-incredible-canyons

Colca Canyon, Peru
With a depth of 3,270m, Peru’s Colca Canyon is one of the deepest in the world and almost twice as deep as the Grand Canyon. It’s so remote, that it wasn’t until a team of adventurers made the first descent of the river Colca 30 years ago that the depths were officially recognised.

Verdon Gorge, France
Situated in southern France, the Verdon Gorge is a stunning geological wonder, whose 400m vertical walls of limestone have been attracting climbers for decades. And more recently highliners. Watch Mich Kemeter highline in the Verdon Gorge right here.

The Grand Canyon, USA
When it comes to canyons, there is usually only one that springs to mind – with good reason. It’s the grandest of them all, the most striking and, unfortunately, the most popular: Arizona’s Grand Canyon. The waiting list to raft the Colorado river can be as long as 10 years. Adventurer Brendon Leonard was one of the lucky ones.

世界著名沙漠 Deserts

https://www.memphistours.com/blog/famous-deserts-of-the-world

Sahara Desert
The Sahara Desert, or the Great Desert, is the largest hot desert in the world. However, it is the third largest desert in the world, smaller than Antarctica and the northern Arctic deserts. It is located in Africa and is the largest desert on the continent. It occupies most of North Africa, stretching from the Red Sea in the East, the Mediterranean in the North, and the Atlantic Ocean in the West. It is also found in several African countries: Egypt, Algeria, Chad, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Tunisia, and Sudan. Many activities can be enjoyed in the Sahara, such as quad biking, stargazing, sand surfing, camping, and even trekking. Camel rides, too, are part of the deal. There are also places to visit, ancient temples such as the temple of Amun and Shali Fortress, among others. The best time to visit the Sahara Desert is during the Christmas or Easter breaks.

Arabian Desert
The Arabian Desert is located in western Asia and occupies almost the entire Arabian Peninsula which is the largest Peninsula in the world. The Arabian Desert is the fifth-largest desert in the world and the largest in Asia. It stretches across Yemen, Jordan, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, and Oman. It is advisable to visit the Arabian Desert between November and February when the weather is coolest. Some activities include camel safaris, desert camping, hiking in the desert, dune bashing, Arabian safaris, and hot air balloon rides. There is deadly quicksand in the Arabian, so be cautious when visiting.

Antarctic Desert
As explained above, Antarctica is a cold desert and the world’s largest desert. It is considered a desert because it only receives annual precipitation of about 50 mm. It is also a continent, the fifth-largest continent. Antarctica is the coldest desert and the coldest place on earth. It is made up of thick sheets of ice accumulated for thousands of years. Although Antarctica is cold, there is summer, and this is the best time to visit the desert. Summer lies between November and March when the earth is tilted towards the sun, and it is always sunny. Interestingly, some activities include skiing, climbing Antarctica’s mountains, kayaking皮划艇, crossing the drake passage, visiting science research stations, and spotting seals and penguins.

Gobi Desert
The Gobi Desert spreads across China and Mongolia. It is, however, not one major desert. It is a combination of 33 different deserts, each with different features and landscapes. It is famous for its role in the Mongol empire. Only 5% of the Gobi Desert is covered in sand. The rest is mountains with a green valley, rivers, oases绿洲, sand dune lakes, historical sites, and lakes. The desert also has fossils such as dinosaur eggs and is home to animals such as Bactrian camels, Siberian Ibex野山羊, and Gobi brown bears. Plan a visit to the Gobi Desert from August to October and enjoy activities such as camel trekking徒步旅行, searching for fossils, watching beautiful sunrises and sunsets, visiting the Three Beauties National Park, and climbing dunes.